Vaccine-induced humoral response against SARS-CoV-2 dramatically declined but cellular immunity possibly remained at 6 months post BNT162b2 vaccination

Kato, Hideaki; Miyakawa, Kei; Ohtake, Norihisa; Yamaoka, Yutaro; Yajima, Satoshi; Yamazaki, Etsuko; Shimada, Tomoko; Goto, Atsushi; Nakajima, Hitoshi; Ryo, Akihide

doi:10.1016/j.vaccine.2022.03.057

Cited by 26 publications

(14 citation statements)

References 16 publications

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“…The antibody titer wanes over time after the second dose. The negative correlation with age, shown in Figure 2 , Figure 3 and Figure 4 , was reproduced in Japan and supports the findings of previous studies of different populations [ 3 , 27 , 28 , 29 ]. Gilbert et al [ 30 ] compared antibody titers with the number of infected people to determine whether higher titers were associated with lower infection rates.…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 89%

Differential Dynamics of Humoral and Cell-Mediated Immunity with Three Doses of BNT162b2 SARS-CoV-2 Vaccine in Healthcare Workers in Japan: A Prospective Cohort Study

et al. 2022

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Vaccines against SARS-CoV-2 with good efficacy are now available worldwide. However, gained immunity diminishes over time. Here, we investigate the course of both humoral and cell-mediated immunity in response to three doses of the Pfizer mRNA BNT162b2 SARS-CoV-2 vaccine in healthcare workers in Japan. SARS-CoV-2 anti-receptor-binding domain (RBD) antibodies (total Ig, IgG), neutralizing antibodies (NAb), and ELISpot were measured in serum and whole blood samples collected after each vaccine dose. ELISpot numbers were higher than the cutoff values in most participants at all times. It was suggested that the difference in behavior between humoral immunity and cell-mediated immunity with age is complementary. Anti-RBD total Ig, IgG, and NAb indicated a high correlation at each time point after vaccine doses. Total Ig was retained long-term after the second dose and increased significantly faster by the booster dose than IgG. Nab levels of all subjects were ≤20% six months after the second dose, and the correlation coefficient was greatly reduced. These are due to the avidity of each antibody and differences among commercial kits, which may affect the evaluation of immunokinetics in previous COVID-19 studies. Therefore, it is necessary to harmonize reagents categorized by the same characteristics.

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Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 89%

Differential Dynamics of Humoral and Cell-Mediated Immunity with Three Doses of BNT162b2 SARS-CoV-2 Vaccine in Healthcare Workers in Japan: A Prospective Cohort Study

et al. 2022

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“…Kato et al also reported a weak correlation between SARS-CoV-2 spike protein specific T-cell responses and SARS-CoV-2 spike protein IgG titers. 22 In this study, the correlation in controls and KTR without RIT was weak, which might have been affected by the low number of participants in each group. Further evaluation in a large cohort is needed.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 69%

Immunogenicity and safety of two doses of SARS‐CoV‐2 mRNA vaccine in kidney transplant recipients with low‐dose rituximab

et al. 2022

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Objectives We evaluated whether the treatment history of low‐dose rituximab affected safety profiles, and humoral and cellular responses induced by severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 messenger ribonucleic acid vaccine in healthy controls and kidney transplant recipients. Methods We enrolled 10 healthcare workers as controls, 22 kidney transplant recipients with rituximab, and 36 kidney transplant recipients without rituximab without history of coronavirus disease 2019 who received two doses of vaccine. We assessed anti‐severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 spike antibody and the antigen‐specific T cells using enzyme‐linked immunospot against spike protein at baseline and after two doses of vaccine. Results All controls showed anti‐severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 antibody seroconversion and enzyme‐linked immunospot positivity. Only 19/58 (33%) kidney transplant recipients experienced anti‐severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 antibody seroconversion and 31/58 (53%) kidney transplant recipients developed enzyme‐linked immunospot assay positivity after vaccination. The anti‐severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 antibody seroconversion rate and enzyme‐linked immunospot assay positivity rate after vaccination were not significantly different between kidney transplant recipients with or without rituximab. Multivariate regression analysis demonstrated rituximab was not associated with a lack of humoral and cellular responses to the vaccine. Conclusions Low‐dose rituximab in kidney transplant recipients did not affect humoral or cellular responses to the severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 messenger ribonucleic acid vaccine without severe systemic adverse events including the deterioration of kidney function.

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“…In patients with a hematologic malignancy, T cell responses to vaccination may differ depending on the underlying condition and treatment thereof. To identify SARS-CoV-2-specific vaccine-induced cellular responses in these patients, interferon-γ releasing ELISpot assays, whole blood interferon-γ release immunoassays [ 15 , 29 , 44 , 45 ] and flow cytometry-based analysis of SARS-CoV-2-specific CD4+ and CD8+ T cell responses have been used. Following a 2-dose mRNA vaccination schedule, robust cellular responses are observed in the majority of patients with hematologic malignancies, including patients with CLL, lymphomas, and recipients of CD19-directed CAR T cell therapy ( Figure 1 C).…”

Section: Immunogenicity Of Covid-19 Vaccination In Patients With Hema...mentioning

confidence: 99%

“…However, the minimum antibody concentration needed for protection against severe COVID-19 and COVID-19-related death is not known and will be difficult to establish given the high mutation rate of the virus. Moreover, while antibody concentrations gradually decay, the avidity and functionality of these antibodies improve, [44] implying that over time, lower antibody concentrations may suffice to neutralize infection. In the absence of correlates of protection, random antibody measurements do not yield meaningful information at this time.…”

Section: Correlates Of Protection and Vaccine Effectivenessmentioning

confidence: 99%

SARS-CoV-2 vaccine-induced humoral and cellular immunity in patients with hematologic malignancies

Haggenburg

Hofsink²,

Rutten³

et al. 2022

Seminars in Hematology

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Vaccine-induced humoral response against SARS-CoV-2 dramatically declined but cellular immunity possibly remained at 6 months post BNT162b2 vaccination

Cited by 26 publications

References 16 publications

Differential Dynamics of Humoral and Cell-Mediated Immunity with Three Doses of BNT162b2 SARS-CoV-2 Vaccine in Healthcare Workers in Japan: A Prospective Cohort Study

Differential Dynamics of Humoral and Cell-Mediated Immunity with Three Doses of BNT162b2 SARS-CoV-2 Vaccine in Healthcare Workers in Japan: A Prospective Cohort Study

Immunogenicity and safety of two doses of SARS‐CoV‐2 mRNA vaccine in kidney transplant recipients with low‐dose rituximab

SARS-CoV-2 vaccine-induced humoral and cellular immunity in patients with hematologic malignancies

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