Vaccines against human diarrheal pathogens

Böhles, Nathalie; Busch, Kim; Hensel, Michael

doi:10.4161/hv.29241

Cited by 23 publications

(11 citation statements)

References 111 publications

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“…Diarrhoeal infectious diseases (DID) are a major problem in developing countries, where poor sanitation prevails and food and water may become contaminated by faecal shedding (Böhles et al ., ). Traveller's diarrhoea and cholera, caused by enterotoxigenic strains of Eschericia coli (ETEC) and Vibrio cholerae , respectively, are two enteric diseases resulting in high mortality, especially in young children in developing countries (Karaman et al ., ).…”

Section: Illustrative Examples Of Plant‐based Vaccines Against Human mentioning

confidence: 97%

Plant‐made oral vaccines against human infectious diseases—Are we there yet?

Chan

Daniell

2015

Plant Biotechnology Journal

129

131

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Summary Although the plant-made vaccine field started three decades ago with the promise of developing low-cost vaccines to prevent infectious disease outbreaks and epidemics around the globe, this goal has not yet been achieved. Plants offer several major advantages in vaccine generation, including low-cost production by eliminating expensive fermentation and purification systems, sterile delivery and cold storage/transportation. Most importantly, oral vaccination using plant-made antigens confers both mucosal (IgA) and systemic (IgG) immunity. Studies in the past 5 years have made significant progress in expressing vaccine antigens in edible leaves (especially lettuce), processing leaves or seeds through lyophilization and achieving antigen stability and efficacy after prolonged storage at ambient temperatures. Bioencapsulation of antigens in plant cells protects them from the digestive system; the fusion of antigens to transmucosal carriers enhances efficiency of their delivery to the immune system and facilitates successful development of plant vaccines as oral boosters. However, the lack of oral priming approaches diminishes these advantages because purified antigens, cold storage/transportation and limited shelf life are still major challenges for priming with adjuvants and for antigen delivery by injection. Yet another challenge is the risk of inducing tolerance without priming the host immune system. Therefore, mechanistic aspects of these two opposing processes (antibody production or suppression) are discussed in this review. In addition, we summarize recent progress made in oral delivery of vaccine antigens expressed in plant cells via the chloroplast or nuclear genomes and potential challenges in achieving immunity against infectious diseases using cold-chain-free vaccine delivery approaches.

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Section: Illustrative Examples Of Plant‐based Vaccines Against Human mentioning

confidence: 97%

Plant‐made oral vaccines against human infectious diseases—Are we there yet?

Chan

Daniell

2015

Plant Biotechnology Journal

129

131

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“…47,53 In order to verify vaccine efficacy, various parameters have to be monitored, such as levels of antigenspecific antibodies, the immunization dose, the type of immune cells responding and adverse effects. 54 Before a new vaccine enters the market, many obstacles have to be overcome. Research and development often last for decades until a vaccine is on the market.…”

Section: Recombinant Protein Subunit Vaccinesmentioning

confidence: 99%

Recent advances in the production of recombinant subunit vaccines inPichia pastoris

2016

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Recombinant protein subunit vaccines are formulated using defined protein antigens that can be produced in heterologous expression systems. The methylotrophic yeast Pichia pastoris has become an important host system for the production of recombinant subunit vaccines. Although many basic elements of P. pastoris expression system are now well developed, there is still room for further optimization of protein production. Codon bias, gene dosage, endoplasmic reticulum protein folding and culture condition are important considerations for improved production of recombinant vaccine antigens. Here we comment on current advances in the application of P. pastoris for the synthesis of recombinant subunit vaccines.

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“…5 Due to the high disease burden and endemicity of Shigella in resource-limited countries, the WHO has set the development of candidate vaccines against Shigella as priority. 6 Thus, considering the efficacy of Shigella vaccine, it is necessary to have reliable estimates of the burden and epidemiology of disease in targeted endemic areas, including age-specific incidence data and risk factors associated with Shigella infections.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Clinical features, risk factors, and impact of antibiotic treatment of diarrhea caused by <em>Shigella</em> in children less than 5 years in Manhiça District, rural Mozambique

Vubil¹,

Acácio²,

Quintò³

et al. 2018

IDR

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ObjectivesDuring the period from December 2007 to November 2012, the epidemiology of diarrhea caused by Shigella was studied among children <5 years of age residing in Manhiça District, Southern Mozambique.Materials and methodsChildren from 0 to 5 years with moderate-to-severe diarrhea (MSD) and less severe diarrhea (LSD) were enrolled along with matched controls (by age, gender, and neighborhood). Age-stratified logistic regression analyses were conducted to identify clinical features and risk factors associated with Shigella positivity in cases of diarrhea. The impact of antibiotic treatment was assessed for patients with known outcome.ResultsA total of 916 cases of MSD and 1979 matched controls, and 431 cases of LSD with equal number of controls were enrolled. Shigella was identified as significant pathogen in both cases of MSD and LSD compared to their respective controls. Shigella was detected in 3.9% (17/431) of LSD compared to 0.5% (2/431) in controls (P=0.001) and in 6.1% (56/916) of MSD cases compared to 0.2% (4/1979) in controls (P<0.0001), with an attributable fraction of 8.55% (95% CI: 7.86–9.24) among children aged 12–23 months. Clinical symptoms associated to Shigella among MSD cases included dysentery, fever, and rectal prolapse. Water availability, giving stored water to child, washing hands before preparing baby’s food, and mother as caretaker were the protective factors against acquiring diarrhea caused by Shigella. Antibiotic treatment on admission was associated with a positive children outcome.ConclusionShigella remains a common pathogen associated with childhood diarrhea in Mozambique, with dysentery being a significant clinical feature of shigellosis. Adherence to the basic hygiene rules and the use of antibiotic treatment could contribute to the prevention of most of diarrhea due to Shigella.

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Vaccines against human diarrheal pathogens

Cited by 23 publications

References 111 publications

Plant‐made oral vaccines against human infectious diseases—Are we there yet?

Plant‐made oral vaccines against human infectious diseases—Are we there yet?

Recent advances in the production of recombinant subunit vaccines inPichia pastoris

Clinical features, risk factors, and impact of antibiotic treatment of diarrhea caused by <em>Shigella</em> in children less than 5 years in Manhiça District, rural Mozambique

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Vaccines against human diarrheal pathogens

Cited by 23 publications

References 111 publications

Plant‐made oral vaccines against human infectious diseases—Are we there yet?

Plant‐made oral vaccines against human infectious diseases—Are we there yet?

Recent advances in the production of recombinant subunit vaccines inPichia pastoris

Clinical features, risk factors, and impact of antibiotic treatment of diarrhea caused by <em>Shigella</em> in children less than 5 years in Manhi&ccedil;a District, rural Mozambique

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Product

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Clinical features, risk factors, and impact of antibiotic treatment of diarrhea caused by <em>Shigella</em> in children less than 5 years in Manhiça District, rural Mozambique