Vaccines for immunoprevention of cancer

Enokida, Tomohiro; Moreira, Álvaro; Bhardwaj, Nina

doi:10.1172/jci146956

Cited by 59 publications

(35 citation statements)

References 177 publications

(166 reference statements)

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“…BioNTech-Pfizer and Moderna’s mRNA vaccine are based on lipid nanoparticles (LNP) without an exogenous traditional vaccine adjuvant, showcasing the potential for new approaches to develop effective vaccines [ 5 ]. Cancer vaccines have been explored as a potentially promising cancer treatment strategy with broad prospects for clinical application [ 6 , 7 ].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Self-adjuvanting cancer nanovaccines

Liao

Huang

et al. 2022

J Nanobiotechnol

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Nanovaccines, a new generation of vaccines that use nanoparticles as carriers and/or adjuvants, have been widely used in the prevention and treatment of various diseases, including cancer. Nanovaccines have sparked considerable interest in cancer therapy due to a variety of advantages, including improved access to lymph nodes (LN), optimal packing and presentation of antigens, and induction of a persistent anti-tumor immune response. As a delivery system for cancer vaccines, various types of nanoparticles have been designed to facilitate the delivery of antigens and adjuvants to lymphoid organs and antigen-presenting cells (APCs). Particularly, some types of nanoparticles are able to confer an immune-enhancing capability and can themselves be utilized for adjuvant-like effect for vaccines, suggesting a direction for a better use of nanomaterials and the optimization of cancer vaccines. However, this role of nanoparticles in vaccines has not been well studied. To further elucidate the role of self-adjuvanting nanovaccines in cancer therapy, we review the mechanisms of antitumor vaccine adjuvants with respect to nanovaccines with self-adjuvanting properties, including enhancing cross-presentation, targeting signaling pathways, biomimicking of the natural invasion process of pathogens, and further unknown mechanisms. We surveyed self-adjuvanting cancer nanovaccines in clinical research and discussed their advantages and challenges. In this review, we classified self-adjuvanting cancer nanovaccines according to the underlying immunomodulatory mechanism, which may provide mechanistic insights into the design of nanovaccines in the future. Graphical Abstract

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Self-adjuvanting cancer nanovaccines

Liao

Huang

et al. 2022

J Nanobiotechnol

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“…Therefore, if tumor vaccines can induce a potent humoral immune response, they would also have a huge potential for cancer immunotherapy. At present, an important developmental direction of tumor vaccines is the induction of both humoral and cellular immune responses [1,5].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Intravital molecular imaging reveals that ROS-caspase-3-GSDME-induced cell punching enhances humoral immunotherapy targeting intracellular tumor antigens

Dai¹,

Zhang²,

Qi³

et al. 2022

Theranostics

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Tumor antigens (TAs)-induced humoral immune responses or TAs-specific antibodies have great application prospects for tumor therapy. However, more than half of TAs are intracellular antigens (intra-Ags) that are hardly recognized by antibodies. It is worthy to develop immunotherapeutic strategies for targeting intra-Ags. Methods: We used the far-red fluorescent protein tfRFP as an intracellular antigen to immunize mice and generated a liver metastasis model by injecting tfRFP-expressing B16 melanoma cells (tfRFP-B16) via the spleen. Intravital molecular imaging and atomic force microscopy were performed to visualize the formation of tfRFP antigen-antibody complexes (also known as immune complexes) and punched holes in cell membranes. Results:The results showed that the tfRFP-elicited immune responses inhibited the metastasis of tfRFP-expressing melanoma cells in the liver. In the circulating tfRFP-B16 tumor cells, elevated reactive oxygen species (ROS) induced slight caspase-3 activation, a probable key factor in the cleavage of gasdermin E (GSDME) proteins and punching of holes in the tumor cell membrane. Increased tumor cell membrane permeability led to the release of intra-Ag tfRFP and binding with anti-tfRFP antibodies. The formation of tfRFP antigen-antibody complexes on the membranes of tfRFP-B16 cells activated complement components to form membrane attack complexes to further destroy the cell membrane. Neutrophils were rapidly recruited, and F4/80 + macrophages phagocytized the dying tumor cells. Conclusion:The process of circulating tumor cell elimination in the tfRFP-immunized mice was triggered through the ROS-caspase-3-GSDME pathway to form intra-Ag-antibody immune complexes, which were involved in the activation of the complement system, as well as the recruitment of neutrophils and F4/80 + macrophages. An intra-Ag-elicited humoral immune response is a potent strategy for eliminating liver metastasis, which is unaffected by the liver immune tolerogenic status.

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“…Therefore, cancer prevention techniques are required to lessen financial strain and human suffering. In addition to being a part of tertiary prevention for cancer patients who have already had curative therapy to prevent a recurrence, vaccinations are a part of primary prevention to lower the incidence of premalignant and malignant cancer [ 10 ]. A target for eliminating cervical cancer globally has been set by the World Health Organization (WHO), which is defined as having an annual incidence of less than 4 per 100,000 women [ 11 ].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

A Review on the Use of the HPV Vaccine in the Prevention of Cervical Cancer

Pathak¹,

Pajai²,

Kesharwani³

2022

Cureus

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The main risk factor for invasive cervical carcinoma is persistent infection by the high-risk human papillomavirus (HPV). HPV is the most prevalent sexually transmitted infection (STI) and has been linked to 15 different cancers. Cervical cancer is one of the most frequent cancers among women, particularly in resource-limited countries. Cervical cancer is an HPV disease with the highest worldwide burden in resource-limited nations. With improved medical care and nationwide screening programmes, the mortality rate from cervical cancer has decreased in the past 40 years. Many developing nations have been shown to have inadequate knowledge and health-seeking practices, making proper awareness and immunisation programmes necessary. The best strategy to reduce the incidence of cervical cancer is through the administration of HPV vaccines along with routine cervical screening. The HPV vaccine is crucial for public health. Vaccinations against all HPV subtypes, namely, bivalent, quadrivalent, and nonavalent, are available. Financial issues are the main barrier to HPV vaccination. The framework for behavioural and social drivers of vaccination, which includes practical concerns, motivation, social processes, thoughts, and feelings, is widely used to uncover important aspects linked with HPV vaccination. The burden of cervical cancer due to HPV and the advantages of HPV vaccination are summarised in this review article.

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Vaccines for immunoprevention of cancer

Cited by 59 publications

References 177 publications

Self-adjuvanting cancer nanovaccines

Self-adjuvanting cancer nanovaccines

Intravital molecular imaging reveals that ROS-caspase-3-GSDME-induced cell punching enhances humoral immunotherapy targeting intracellular tumor antigens

A Review on the Use of the HPV Vaccine in the Prevention of Cervical Cancer

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