Vacuum crack growth in alkali silicate glasses

Waurischk, Tina; Reinsch, Stefan; Rouxel, Tanguy; Behrens, Harald; Deubener, Joachim; Müller, Ralf

doi:10.1016/j.jnoncrysol.2021.121094

Cited by 7 publications

(5 citation statements)

References 41 publications

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“…Recent experiments on the dynamics of vacuum cracking seem very timely in this regard. [40] Bond rupture and cracking generally occur as a result of stress amplification; [41] presumably, the homogeneous stress field accompanied by a tested glass sample fails to reach a level at which cooperative structural rearrangements and bond switching reactions are initiated. [42] Instead, localized structural rearrangement and, ultimately, bond rupture lead to defect growth and, hence, further stress amplification.…”

Section: Brittleness Intrinsic Strength and Defect Propensity Of Sili...mentioning

confidence: 99%

Advancing the Mechanical Performance of Glasses: Perspectives and Challenges

et al. 2022

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in terms of deciphering structure-property relationships and the nonaffine nature of glass mechanical behavior, of computational and computer-assisted methods for accelerated materials discovery, and of physicochemical insight at glass formation and synthesis in unconventional types of materials. Despite this progress, significant questions remain as to the fundamental role of structural heterogeneity and its consequences for the predictability of mechanical properties underlying the many applications of glass. Today's challenge is to translate new understanding of the physics of disorder, glass chemistry, and surface mechanics into tools that enable future glass products with adapted elasticity, strength, and toughness. We will therefore consider fundamental advances in relation to emerging glass applications. While the aforementioned physical insights have mostly been obtained by computational simulation of model systems, and often through the examination of metallic glasses, we will here focus on glasses suitable for visible transparency, in particular silicate glasses, such as a representative of today's most prolific glass devices, ranging from ultrathin substrates to strong and visually transparent cover materials. We will further consider hybrid glasses and glass-like composite materials as emerging alternatives that may overcome the ubiquitous conflict between strength and toughness. [1] Glasses are materials that lack a crystalline microstructure and long-range atomic order. Instead, they feature heterogeneity and disorder on superstructural scales, which have profound consequences for their elastic response, material strength, fracture toughness, and the characteristics of dynamic fracture. These structure-property relations present a rich field of study in fundamental glass physics and are also becoming increasingly important in the design of modern materials with improved mechanical performance. A first step in this direction involves glass-like materials that retain optical transparency and the haptics of classical glass products, while overcoming the limitations of brittleness. Among these, novel types of oxide glasses, hybrid glasses, phase-separated glasses, and bioinspired glass-polymer composites hold significant promise. Such materials are designed from the bottom-up, building on structure-property relations, modeling of stresses and strains at relevant length scales, and machine learning predictions. Their fabrication requires a more scientifically driven approach to materials design and processing, building on the physics of structural disorder and its consequences for structural rearrangements, defect initiation, and dynamic fracture in response to mechanical load. In this article, a perspective is provided on this highly interdisciplinary field of research in terms of its most recent challenges and opportunities.The ORCID identification number(s) for the author(s) of this article can be found under https://doi.org/10.1002/adma.202109029.

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Section: Brittleness Intrinsic Strength and Defect Propensity Of Sili...mentioning

confidence: 99%

Advancing the Mechanical Performance of Glasses: Perspectives and Challenges

et al. 2022

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“…9 Additionally, a strong dependence of crack growth on the presence of even small levels of humidity indicates that the environment can facilitate bond breakage and is a significant factor in crack propagation at low strain. [10][11][12] Nevertheless slow crack growth does occur even under vacuum conditions, 13,14 suggesting that the formation of surface area and inelastic relaxation are integral to crack propagation.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Inelastic relaxation processes in amorphous sodium silicates

Rimsza,

Jones

2023

J Am Ceram Soc.

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During fracture amorphous oxides exhibit irreversible processes, including inelastic and non‐recoverable relaxation effects in the process zone surrounding the crack tip. Here, classical molecular dynamics simulations were used with a reactive forcefield to evaluate inelastic relaxation processes in five amorphous sodium silicate compositions. Overall, the 20% Na2O‐SiO2(NS20) composition exhibited the most inelastic relaxation, followed by the 15% Na2O‐SiO2(NS15) composition, the 25% Na2O‐SiO2(NS25) composition, and finally the 10%(NS10) and 30%(NS30) Na2O‐SiO2 compositions. Coordination analysis of the Na+ ions identified that during inelastic relaxation the Na+ ions were increasingly coordinated by non‐bridging oxygens(NBO) for the NS10 and NS15 compositions, which was supported by radial analysis of the O‐Na‐O bond angles surrounding the crack tip. Across the sodium silicate compositional range, two different inelastic relaxation mechanism were identified based on the amount of bridging oxygens(BO) and NBOs in the Na+ ion coordination shell. At lower(NS10) and higher(NS30) sodium compositions, the entire structured relaxed toward the crack tip. In contrast at intermediate sodium concentrations(NS20) the Na+ ion migrates toward the crack tip separately from the network structure. By developing a fundamental understanding of how modified silica systems respond to static stress fields, we will be able to predict how varying amorphous silicate systems exhibit slow crack growth.This article is protected by copyright. All rights reserved

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“…15 The surface energy in the glass is equilibrated as a function of chemical change due to stress and surface fractures. 16 The equilibrium state of the glasses corrosion is well documented, but an explanation of the kinetic process/path leading to equilibrium is still undefined and questionable.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The fresh glass surface is also exposed using indentation, causing a change in the local distribution of metal ions due to locally perturbed equilibrium conditions 15 . The surface energy in the glass is equilibrated as a function of chemical change due to stress and surface fractures 16 . The equilibrium state of the glasses corrosion is well documented, but an explanation of the kinetic process/path leading to equilibrium is still undefined and questionable.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Surface and subsurface alterations in freshly fractured and corroded soda‐lime float glass

2023

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We have investigated the corrosion behavior of the soda‐lime silicate float glass on freshly created active surfaces. The process of ion diffusion and ion exchange during surface corrosion is explained at the initial stages. We have reported a unique subsurface activity in the glass, which achieves equilibrium. This varies at the subsurface depth level of ≈ 10–30 nm and is visible as a broad peak in the elemental depth profile. The prolonged corrosion and heating process assists surface relaxation of the glass samples. We have observed the formation of active nucleation sites for the corrosion process on the surface. In this study, we report that the sodium ions and its corrosion compounds are decoupled from other metal ions present in the glass during diffusion relaxation and ion exchange. A combination of time of flight secondary ion mass spectrometry (TOF‐SIMS) and energy dispersive X‐ray (EDX) microanalysis help to explain the evolution and quantify the changes at the initial stages in the freshly formed glass surface.

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Vacuum crack growth in alkali silicate glasses

Cited by 7 publications

References 41 publications

Advancing the Mechanical Performance of Glasses: Perspectives and Challenges

Advancing the Mechanical Performance of Glasses: Perspectives and Challenges

Inelastic relaxation processes in amorphous sodium silicates

Surface and subsurface alterations in freshly fractured and corroded soda‐lime float glass

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