Vagal afferent responses to fatty acids of different chain length in the rat

Lal, Simon; Kirkup, Anthony J.; Brunsden, Alan M.; Thompson, David G.; Grundy, David

doi:10.1152/ajpgi.2001.281.4.g907

Cited by 243 publications

(187 citation statements)

References 44 publications

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“…Similar transduction for mucosal chemosensory afferents can range from a few hundred ms for acetate 33 to 10 or 20 s for amino acids 37,38 , long-chain fatty acids 39 or glucose 35 . As responses to JB-1 were about 8 s, it is unlikely that it's inter-kingdom signalling molecule is acetate or low pH but would be consistent with a saccharide, as we have shown for PSA.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Bacteroides fragilis polysaccharide A is necessary and sufficient for acute activation of intestinal sensory neurons

et al. 2013

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Symbionts or probiotics are known to affect the nervous system. To understand the mechanisms involved, it is important to measure sensory neuron responses and identify molecules responsible for this interaction. Here we test the effects of adding Lactobacillus rhamnosus (JB-1) and Bacteroides fragilis to the epithelium while making voltage recordings from intestinal primary afferent neurons. Sensory responses are recorded within 8 s of applying JB-1 and excitability facilitated within 15 min. Bacteroides fragilis produces similar results, as does its isolated, capsular exopolysaccharide, polysaccharide A. Lipopolysaccharide-free polysaccharide A completely mimics the neuronal effects of the parent organism. Experiments with a mutant Bacteroides fragilis devoid of polysaccharide A shows that polysaccharide A is necessary and sufficient for the neuronal effects. Complex carbohydrates have not been reported before as candidates for such signalling between symbionts and the host. These observations indicate new neuronal targets and invite further study of bacterial carbohydrates as inter-kingdom signalling molecules between beneficial bacteria and sensory neurons.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Bacteroides fragilis polysaccharide A is necessary and sufficient for acute activation of intestinal sensory neurons

et al. 2013

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“…In one scenario, WAT could be sensing products of sympathetic nerve-driven lipolysis such as FFAs or glycerol. Such a process seems feasible because neural receptive elements in the gastrointestinal system exist with afferents that respond to FFAs [in sheep (14), rats (27), and cats (29)]. In addition, the cat gastrointestinal system has two types of receptors-one activated by short-chain FFAs and by glycerol and another by long-chain FFAs (29), suggesting that such receptors are physiological realities, but perhaps only occurring in the gut.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Anterograde transneuronal viral tract tracing reveals central sensory circuits from white adipose tissue

Song¹,

Schwartz²,

Bartness³

2009

American Journal of Physiology-Regulatory, Integrative and Comp

120

131

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Song CK, Schwartz GJ, Bartness TJ. Anterograde transneuronal viral tract tracing reveals central sensory circuits from white adipose tissue. Am J Physiol Regul Integr Comp Physiol 296: R501-R511, 2009. First published December 24, 2008 doi:10.1152/ajpregu.90786.2008The origins of the sympathetic nervous system (SNS) innervation of white adipose tissue (WAT) have been defined using the transneuronal viral retrograde tract tracer, pseudorabies virus. Activation of this SNS innervation is acknowledged as the principal initiator of WAT lipolysis. The central control of WAT lipolysis may require neural feedback to a brain-SNS-WAT circuit via WAT afferents. Indeed, conventional tract tracing studies have demonstrated that peripheral pseudounipolar dorsal root ganglion (DRG) sensory cells innervate WAT. The central nervous system projections of WAT afferents remain uncharted, however, and form the focus of the present study. We used the H129 strain of the herpes simplex virus-1 (HSV-1), an anterograde transneuronal viral tract tracer, to define the afferent circuits projecting from WAT to the central nervous system. Siberian hamster inguinal (IWAT) or epididymal WAT was injected with H129 and the neuraxis processed for HSV-1 immunoreactivity. We found substantial overlap in the pattern of WAT sensory afferent projections with multiple SNS outflow sites along the neuraxis, suggesting the possibility of WAT sensory-SNS circuits that could regulate WAT SNS drive and thereby lipolysis. Previously, we demonstrated that systemic 2-deoxy-D-glucose (2DG) elicited increases in the SNS drive to IWAT. Here, we show that systemic 2DG administration also significantly increases multiunit spike activity arising from decentralized IWAT afferents. Collectively, these data provide structural and functional support for the existence of a sensory WAT pathway to the brain, important in the negative feedback control of lipid mobilization.2-deoxy-D-glucose; lipolysis; sympathetic nervous system; electrophysiology FEEDBACK FROM LIPID STORES to the central nervous system (CNS) has been suggested to contribute to the relative stability of total body fat in some individuals, but not in others (for a review, see Ref. 1). Historically, the idea of a lipid feedback signal became prominent with Kennedy's "lipostatic theory" (24), and this notion apparently was affirmed with the discovery of leptin, the largely adipocyte-derived cytokine thought by some to reflect total body fat stores (for a review, see Ref. 21). As with any feedback system, one controlling lipid stores would require not only afferent signals from white adipose tissue (WAT), but also effectors to increase or decrease the lipid stores appropriately. As with any feedback system, one controlling lipid stores would require not only afferent signals from WAT, but also effectors to increase or decrease the lipid stores appropriately. Whether such a system exists or needs to exist for total body fat to be stable is debatable (46). Efferent neural control of WAT is well recognized. We and...

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“…able that NO release mitigates the neural actions of excitatory transmitters and modulators coreleased from the gut mucosa in response to meals such as 5-HT and CCK (Blackshaw and Grundy, 1993a,b;Grundy et al, 1994;Lal et al, 2001), which might otherwise mediate undampened activation of vagal afferents and behavioral consequences such as nausea and vomiting after a normal meal. A question that arises from our study is whether NO is continually released from the mucosa or only during mechanical stimulation by stroking.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Nitric Oxide as an Endogenous Peripheral Modulator of Visceral Sensory Neuronal Function

Page¹,

O’Donnell²,

Cooper³

et al. 2009

J. Neurosci.

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Vagal afferent responses to fatty acids of different chain length in the rat

Cited by 243 publications

References 44 publications

Bacteroides fragilis polysaccharide A is necessary and sufficient for acute activation of intestinal sensory neurons

Bacteroides fragilis polysaccharide A is necessary and sufficient for acute activation of intestinal sensory neurons

Anterograde transneuronal viral tract tracing reveals central sensory circuits from white adipose tissue

Nitric Oxide as an Endogenous Peripheral Modulator of Visceral Sensory Neuronal Function

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