Vagal rebound during resolution of tearful crying among depressed and nondepressed individuals

Rottenberg, Jonathan; Wilhelm, Frank H.; Gross, James J.; Gotlib, Ian H.

doi:10.1111/1469-8986.00001

Cited by 118 publications

(112 citation statements)

References 30 publications

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“…Parasympathetic cardiac regulation during stress has received considerable attention as a physiological marker for emotional processing and self-regulation in recent years. 8,9,[52][53][54] Consequently, the present data suggest that physiological emotion related self-regulatory mechanisms during achievement challenge are compromised in obese women with BED. The definition of binge eating in DSM-IV (APA 1994 1 ), except for the time criteria, is identical for BED and for bulimia nervosa (BN).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 59%

Cardiac parasympathetic regulation in obese women with binge eating disorder

Schild

Schellberg

et al. 2005

Int J Obes

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Objective: Obese individuals with a binge eating disorder (BED) differ from obese non-binge eaters (NBED) with respect to (a) eating behaviour, (b) psychiatric comorbidity and (c) level of psychosocial distress. The aim of the study was to explore whether these three factors have an influence on cardiac parasympathetic function, that is independent of obesity: as alterations in cardiac parasympathetic function may have a role in the higher cardiovascular mortality that is present in obese individuals. Methods: In total, 38 obese women (BMI430 kg/m 2 ), with a BED and 34 age and BMI matched healthy controls (NBED) completed a laboratory stress protocol that incorporated a baseline resting period, Head-up Tilt Testing (HUT) and two challenging mental tasks. Heart rate and blood pressure were measured continuously during the protocol. Parasympathetic cardiac regulation was assessed as the high frequency component of heart rate variability (HRV-HF). Results: Mental challenge led to an augmented reduction of HRV-HF in obese binge eaters, which was linked to the binge eating frequency and hunger perception, but not to psychiatric comorbidity. During baseline conditions and HUT, no significant differences in parasympathetic measures were observed between the two subject groups. Conclusion: Subjects with a BED showed greater reduction in parasympathetic cardiac control (HRV-HF) during mental stress, suggesting higher stress vulnerability in women with a BED. Longitudinal investigations are necessary to evaluate whether this is associated with an increased cardiovascular mortality.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 59%

Cardiac parasympathetic regulation in obese women with binge eating disorder

Schild

Schellberg

et al. 2005

Int J Obes

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“…If this parameter is considered as an attentional focus index, this result may be a further indication of the sustained attention difficulty classically observed in depressed subjects, among other cognitive deficits [3,34]. This attentional focusing deficit might also play a role in the global affective reduction reported by some authors [38,40]. Finally, regarding subjective rating of pictures, arousal was generally lower in depressed subjects, and more particularly, it was shown to be lower for both unpleasant and pleasant pictures (tendency), suggesting a global reduction of self-reported emotion intensity.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 82%

“…Some of these report either increased negative affects [31,43], decreased positive affects [43], or an overall decreased emotional responsiveness (i.e. a decrease in both positive and negative affects [1,16,28,[38][39][40]). A recent metaanalysis conducted over 19 studies concluded that both negative and positive affects would be reduced in major depressive disorders, with positive affects being the most reduced, irrespective of the measured response (reported affects, expressive response, and peripheral response) [6].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Autonomic aspect of emotional response in depressed patients: Relationships with personality

Mardaga

Hansenne

2009

Neurophysiologie Clinique/Clinical Neurophysiology

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SummaryStudy aim. -Affective symptoms are major descriptors of depression; therefore, a lot of studies investigated emotional-responsiveness modulation in depression, and reported either a potentiation of negative affects, a reduction of positive affects, or a reduction of both positive and negative affects. On the other hand, personality was classically found to be modulated in depression, with behavioral inhibition system (BIS)-related dimensions (namely harm avoidance (HA), neuroticism) showing higher scores in depressed subjects. The aim of this study was to investigate the relationships between emotional responsiveness (as measured by skin conductance response [SCR]) and personality in depression. Methods. -SCR was recorded following the presentation of neutral, pleasant, and unpleasant pictures in 20 depressed subjects and 20 controls. Results. -Pleasant pictures elicited more and larger responses than unpleasant ones in control but not in depressed subjects. This effect was not modulated by personality. Moreover, depressed subjects were found to show generally faster half-recovery times and to rate emotional pictures as less arousing than control subjects and these effects disappeared when BIS-related dimensions were controlled. MOTS CLÉSDépression ; Personnalité ; Émotions ; Réponse électrodermale Résumé Objectifs. -Les symptômes affectifs sont des descripteurs majeurs de l'épisode dépressif ; pour cette raison, un grand nombre de travaux ont étudié les modulations de la réactivité émotion-nelle dans la dépression. Ils rapportent une potentialisation des affects négatifs, une diminution des affects positifs ou une réduction à la fois des affects positifs et négatifs. Par ailleurs, la personnalité est classiquement modulée dans la dépression, de sorte que les scores aux dimensions associées au système d'inhibition comportementale (SIC) (i.e. évitement du danger, neuroticisme) sont plus élevés chez les sujets déprimés. Le but de notre étude était d'investiguer les relations entre la réactivité émotionnelle (mesurée par la réponse électrodermale [RED]) et la personnalité dans la dépression. Méthodes. -La RED a été enregistrée suite à la présentation d'images neutres, plaisantes et déplaisantes chez 20 sujets déprimés et 20 sujets contrôles. Résultats. -Les images plaisantes provoquent plus de réponses et des réponses plus amples que les images déplaisantes chez les sujets contrôles mais pas chez les déprimés. Cet effet n'est pas modulé par la personnalité. Par ailleurs, les sujets déprimés montrent des temps de récupération plus courts et jugent les images émotionnelles comme associées à un éveil émotionnel moindre que les sujets contrôles et ces effets disparaissent lorsque les dimensions associées au SIC sont contrôlées. Conclusions. -Ces résultats suggèrent que les dimensions associées au SIC sont indépendantes de la diminution sélective des réponses aux images plaisantes mais sont impliquées dans la réduction globale observée des affects.

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“…Crying can be thought of as a handicap as well given that it is difficult to fake, costly to produce in that it blurs vision, and it leaves a physical trace once engaged (Hauser, 1996). Like NSSI, crying behavior also serves an automatic function in the form of arousal reduction (Blumberg & Sokoloff, 2001;Gross, Frederickson, & Levenson, 1994;Hendriks et al, 2007;Rottenberg, Wilhelm, Gross, & Gotlib, 2003). In support of the escalation of communication hypothesis, prior work on infant crying has shown that higher intensity crying elicits more rapid caregiving than lower intensity crying (e.g., Wood & Gustafson, 2001).…”

Section: Signals Of Distressmentioning

confidence: 95%

Actions speak louder than words: An elaborated theoretical model of the social functions of self-injury and other harmful behaviors

Nock

2008

Applied and Preventive Psychology

217

232

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The question of why some people do things that are intentionally harmful to themselves continues to puzzle scientists, clinicians, and the public. Prior studies have demonstrated that one fairly extreme, direct form of self-harm, non-suicidal self-injury (NSSI), is maintained by both automatic (i.e., intrapersonal) as well as social (i.e., interpersonal) reinforcement. However, the majority of theoretical and empirical papers on this topic focus almost exclusively on the automatic functions. The purpose of this paper is to provide a more comprehensive analysis of the social functions of NSSI. Evidence is presented supporting the notion that NSSI is maintained by social reinforcement in at least a substantial minority of instances. Moreover, an elaborated theoretical model of the social functions of NSSI is outlined that proposes that this behavior represents a high intensity social signal used when less intense communication strategies fail (e.g., speaking, yelling, crying). The model further proposes that NSSI can serve not only as a signal of distress that is reinforced primarily by the caregiving behavior it elicits from others, but that it also can serve as a signal of strength and fitness that is reinforced by warding off potential threats (e.g., peer victimization), and in some cases can strengthen affiliation with others. Support for this theoretical model is drawn from diverse literatures including psychology, evolutionary biology, and cultural anthropology. The paper concludes with specific recommendations for empirical tests of the proposed model of the social functions of NSSI, as well as other harmful behaviors such as alcohol and drug use.

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Vagal rebound during resolution of tearful crying among depressed and nondepressed individuals

Cited by 118 publications

References 30 publications

Cardiac parasympathetic regulation in obese women with binge eating disorder

Cardiac parasympathetic regulation in obese women with binge eating disorder

Autonomic aspect of emotional response in depressed patients: Relationships with personality

Actions speak louder than words: An elaborated theoretical model of the social functions of self-injury and other harmful behaviors

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