Vaginal antibody of patients with trichomoniasis is to a prominent surface immunogen of Trichomonas vaginalis.

Alderete, John F.; Newton, Estelle E.; Dennis, Carina; Engbring, Jean A.; Neale, K A

doi:10.1136/sti.67.3.220

Cited by 13 publications

(14 citation statements)

References 13 publications

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“…This may be attributable to different presentations of the proteins during immune surveillance resulting from the unique urogenital regions of women versus men. It is known that female patients with trichomonosis possess IgG antibodies to numerous trichomonad proteins in serum and the vagina (5,8,32,36,37,48,49), perhaps indicating a more vigorous antibody response during infection than that of men. Studies by others demonstrated the highly immunogenic nature of ␣-actinin and the serum antibody response to ␣-actinin in women (31).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Epitopes of the Highly Immunogenic Trichomonas vaginalis α-Actinin Are Serodiagnostic Targets for Both Women and Men

2013

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There is a need for a point-of-care serodiagnostic test for women and men for sexually transmitted infections (STIs) caused by Trichomonas vaginalis. Sera from women with this STI and sera from men that were analyzed in studies showing a relationship between serostatus and prostate cancer are highly seropositive in response to trichomonad ␣-actinin and its truncated protein (ACT-P2) (positive control sera). Epitope mapping experiments showed that positive control sera from women had antibodies to 13 distinct epitopes, 5 of which were detected by positive control sera from men. Sera from women and men that were unreactive with ␣-actinin (negative control sera) failed to detect any of the epitopes or other ␣-actinin amino acid sequences. The T. vaginalis ␣-actinin amino acid sequence and the sequences of the epitopes showed little or no identity with those of other proteins of microbial pathogens or the human ␣-actinin 1 (HuACTN1) homolog. Immunoassays such as dot blot, immunoblot, and enzyme-linked immunosorbent assays were used. Positive control sera did not detect HuACTN1 in immunoassays, and the range of levels of identity of ␣-actinin epitopes with HuACTN1 was 0% to 50%. Comparison of the T. vaginalis ␣-actinin epitopes with proteins in data banks, such as Tritrichomonas suis, Candida albicans, and Saccharomyces cerevisiae proteins, gave a range of identity levels of 0% to 22%. Specific 15-mer peptide epitopes of ␣-actinin with low to no identity with other proteins were synthesized and were reactive with positive control sera only. These findings identify epitopes of ␣-actinin as candidate serodiagnostic targets and suggest strongly that a highly seropositive reaction to ␣-actinin suggests exposure to T. vaginalis.T richomonas vaginalis is the most common nonviral causative agent for sexually transmitted infections (STIs). The adverse consequences for the health of women have been well documented (1, 2). Although in the literature it is routinely reported that men infected by their partners resolve their infections, there is neither experimental evidence nor clinical studies proving this. Reports have shown the expression of numerous virulence factors that permit this ancient protist to survive in the changing host environment of the female urogenital region (3-18). Iron is an important modulator of upregulation and downregulation of the expression of virulence genes (8,(19)(20)(21)(22)(23)(24)(25). Key steps for host colonization result from overcoming the urogenital mucous layer (18) in preparation for specific cytoadherence to vaginal epithelial cells (7,9,11,22,24). The intimacy of the host-parasite relationship during colonization and infection is exceedingly complex, as evidenced by the large number of proteinases (4,11,15,26) and the secretion by trichomonads of large amounts of putrescine for spermine uptake and back-conversion to spermidine (13,26). This coating of T. vaginalis by polyamines and host macromolecules affects levels of cytoadherence and cytotoxicity (3, 13).More recently, epidemiologic...

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Epitopes of the Highly Immunogenic Trichomonas vaginalis α-Actinin Are Serodiagnostic Targets for Both Women and Men

2013

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“…Each value is the mean of triplicate experiments with triplicate samples, and bars indicate the standard deviation. and Neale, 1989), P230 (Alderete etai., 1987;1991), and P65 (Alderete et ai, 1987;Alderete and Neale, 1989) were used as negative controls in cytoadherence or cytotoxicity inhibition experiments. These control antibodies did not affect trichomonat adherence or cellular destruction under the same experimental conditions.…”

Section: The Four Epithelial Cell-binding Proteins Specifically Mediamentioning

confidence: 99%

Molecular basis of host epithelial cell recognition by Trichomonas vaginalis

Arroyo

Engbring

Alderete

1992

Molecular Microbiology

140

207

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Parasitism of host epithelial cells by Trichomonas vaginalis is a highly specific event. Four trichomonad surface proteins (adhesins) with molecular masses of 65,000 daltons (65 kDa; AP65), 51 kDa (AP51), 33 kDa (AP33), and 23 kDa (AP23) mediate the interaction of T. vaginalis with epithelial cells. Fresh isolates, when compared with long-term-grown isolates, had greater amounts of adhesins, which corresponded with increased levels of cytoadherence. Anti-adhesin antibodies reacted by immunoblot only with the respective protein and detected, by indirect immunofluorescence, each adhesion on the parasite surface. These antibodies inhibited the binding of live parasites to epithelial cells and protected epithelial cells from contact-dependent cytotoxicity. The pretreatment of epithelial cells with a preparation of purified adhesions also blocked trichomonal cytoadherence. Moreover, HeLa cells possessed molecules which recognized and bound to adhesins on nitrocellulose blots.

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“…The S. aureus with bound VW antibody was used to immunoprecipitate proteinases from a Z3-12 detergent extract of T. vaginalis NYH 286 as previously described. 4 The bacteria were washed twice in PBS-0*05% Z3-12 followed by suspending bacteria in dissolving buffer" and releasing proteinases complexed with antibody by heating at 37°C for three minutes. The bacteria were pelleted and supematant electrophoresed for detection of proteinases.…”

Section: Vw Antibodymentioning

confidence: 99%

“…'`More recently, the specific immunoreactivity of a surface protein by antibody in the vagina of most patients has been demonstrated. 4 The cysteine proteinases of T. vaginalis are known to participate in a variety of important virulence properties, such as cytoadherence5 and nutrient acquisition,`indicating the possibility for multiple roles of the proteinases during infections. The T. vaginalis cysteine proteinases are numerous,89 as evidenced by the total number and differential expression of proteinases during in vivo and in vitro growth of isolates.9 The presence of the trichomonad proteinases during in vivo infection, many of which are likely to be shed or released during growth,'0 was recently indicated by the demonstration of serum antibodies to proteinases of this parasite among patients with trichomoniasis.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

The vagina of women infected with Trichomonas vaginalis has numerous proteinases and antibody to trichomonad proteinases.

Alderete

Newton²,

Dennis³

et al. 1991

Sexually Transmitted Infections

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Vaginal antibody of patients with trichomoniasis is to a prominent surface immunogen of Trichomonas vaginalis.

Cited by 13 publications

References 13 publications

Epitopes of the Highly Immunogenic Trichomonas vaginalis α-Actinin Are Serodiagnostic Targets for Both Women and Men

Epitopes of the Highly Immunogenic Trichomonas vaginalis α-Actinin Are Serodiagnostic Targets for Both Women and Men

Molecular basis of host epithelial cell recognition by Trichomonas vaginalis

The vagina of women infected with Trichomonas vaginalis has numerous proteinases and antibody to trichomonad proteinases.

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