Valence-Oriented Electrosynthesis Strategies of Cu-Based 5-Nitrotetrazolate for Environmentally Acceptable Primary Explosives

Abstract

The development of green primary explosives has become a “holy grail” of energetic materials research. Cu-based 5-nitrotetrazolate is considered one of the most promising candidates due to its excellent blasting power and environmentally benign nature. However, synthesizing Cu-based 5-nitrotetrazolate controllably and securely remains highly challenging. Herein, room-temperature anodization of metallic Cu and a Cu(I)–imidazole nanowire array on copper substrates in a sodium 5-nitrotetrazolate electrolyte leads to in situ electrosynthesis of Cu(I) 5-nitrotetrazolate (DBX-1, CuNT) and its analogue, Cu(II) 5-nitrotetrazolate [Cu(NT)2], respectively. Both obtained CuNT and Cu(NT)2 films demonstrate remarkable energy output and good laser-induced ignition performance. The thermal stability (T p = 291 °C) and electrostatic safety (E 50 = 2.54 mJ) of CuNT proved to be superior to those of Cu(NT)2 (T p = 257 °C, and E 50 = 0.57 mJ). Remarkably, this study provides an exciting new method for the rational design and development of Cu-based 5-nitrotetrazolate as a primary explosive for advanced initiating applications.

In situ synthesis of [Cu(BODN)·5H2O]n@nano-Al composite energetic films with tunable properties in pyro-MEMS

“…Based on the test results of thermal decomposition heat release, the composition of the as-prepared energetic films is also estimated, see ESI† Table S3. Moreover, the thermal decomposition heat release of the [Cu(BODN)·5H 2 O] n @nano-Al film is much better than those of the Cu(N 3 ) 2 film (1650 J g −1 ), 17 CuN 3 film (1150 J g −1 ), 14 [Cu(ntz)] n (1354.4 J g −1 ), 39 Cu( i ) 5-nitrotetrazolate film (1186 J g −1 ) 40 and Al/CuO (1776 J g −1 ) film. 18 These results indicate that [Cu(BODN)·5H 2 O] n @nano-Al has excellent thermal and energy properties.…”

Synthesis and protection: a controllable electrochemical approach to polypyrrole-coated copper azide with superior safety for MEMS

“…The Cu NRs array films were prepared using a twostep electrochemical process. 3,30 All electrochemical processes in this study incorporated a two-electrode system and were carried out at room temperature. Further, the distance between two electrodes was fixed at 2 cm.…”

“…They serve as military and civilian initiators for secondary explosives. [1][2][3][4][5] Primary explosives are integrated into microelectromechanical systems (MEMS) to miniaturize igniter systems. However, traditional lead-based primary explosives, such as lead azide (LA) and lead styphnate (LS), are incompatible with MEMS explosive systems.…”

In Situ Electrochemical Construction of CuN3@CuCl Hybrids for Controllable Energy Release and Self-Passivation Ability

“…Recently, electrosynthesis has attracted considerable attention in material synthesis due to its superior controllability, valuable oxidizing abilities, and environment-friendly features. − To date, the synthetic applications of EMs have expanded beyond oxidative coupling processes to include anodization, azidation, and electrophoresis . The electrodeposition technique has continuously aroused considerable interest owing to its high safety and MEMS compatibility in synthesizing sensitive CA-based materials. , Generally, the composition and characteristics of CA products are modified by utilizing microstructure design or functionalization of the precursors.…”