Validated Voltammetric Method for the Simultaneous Determination of Anti‐diabetic Drugs, Linagliptin and Empagliflozin in Bulk, Pharmaceutical Dosage Forms and Biological Fluids

Abstract

A cobalt oxide nanoparticles (Co3O4NPs) and multi walled carbon nanotubes (MWCNTs) modified carbon paste electrodes were used to study the electrochemical behavior of linagliptin and empagliflozin in Britton Robinson buffer solution of pH 8.0 using cyclic and square wave voltammetry. The above mentioned modified electrodes showed highly sensitive sensing and gave an excellent anodic response for both drugs. The peak current varied linearly over the concentration ranges: 3.98×10−5–1.53×10−3 mol L−1 (18.82–723.00 μg/mL) and 7.94×10−6–1.07×10−4 mol L−1 (3.65–48.25 μg/mL) with determination coefficients of 0.9999 and 0.9998 for linagliptin and empagliflozin, respectively. The recoveries and relative standard deviations were found in the following ranges: 98.80 %–102.00 % and 0.23 %–1.90 % for linagliptin and 98.30 %–101.80 % and 0.11 %–1.86 % for empagliflozin. The detection and quantification limits were 1.13×10−5 and 3.76×10−5 mol L−1 (5.34and17.77 μg/mL) for linagliptin, 1.71×10−6and 5.68×10−6 mol L−1 (0.77 and 2.56 μg/mL) for empagliflozin. The proposed sensors have been successfully applied for the determination of the drugs in bulk, pharmaceutical formulations and biological fluids.

Innovative electrochemical electrode modified with Al2O3nanoparticle decorated MWCNTs for ultra-trace determination of tamsulosin and solifenacin in human plasma and urine samples and their pharmaceutical dosage form

“…The extensive ability of the analytical technique to remain unaffected by minor variations in the conditions of the method such as pH (4.0 AE 0.1) as well as each measurement resting period (5 s AE 1 s) is known as robustness. 59 No remarkable variations were noted in the results, reecting the robustness and method's reliability Table 1.…”

Green and white MEKC for determination of different anti-diabetic binary mixtures and their triple-combo pill

“…Literature review showed that limited methods of analysis were established for simultaneous determination of the triple combination such as HPLC [ 6 – 8 ], HPTLC[ 6 , 9 ], UPLC [ 10 ] and spectrophotometry [ 11 ],whereas, for their binary combinations, HPLC [ 12 – 14 ], HPTLC [ 15 – 17 ], UPLC [ 17 ], voltammetric method [ 18 ] and spectrophotometric methods were reported [ 19 – 21 ].…”

Economic Spectrofluorometric Bioanalysis of Empagliflozin in Rats’ Plasma

“…Yet, they lack of being simple, fast, and cost-effective approaches due to the required costly complex instrumentation and time-consuming multipart analytical procedures. In addition, a voltammetry method has been reported for the analysis and bioanalysis of EFN in pharmaceutical dosage form and human urine [ 27 ]. Spectrophotometric and chemometric methods were reported for EFN by the first author [ 28 ], but those methods missed the known higher sensitivity output of the spectrofluorometric analysis.…”