Validation of a new olfactory test for Chinese Parkinson’s disease patients

Cao, Ming; Wang, Ning; Zheng, Peng; Gu, Zhuqin; Chan, Piu

doi:10.1016/j.jocn.2020.04.068

Cited by 7 publications

(5 citation statements)

References 24 publications

Supporting

Mentioning

Contrasting

Order By: Relevance

“…Previous studies have reported that 60% to 90% of patients with hyposmia recover within the first 2 weeks following disease resolution [10] , [17] . The relatively high hyposmia proportion may attribute to the objective and validated olfactory tests [15] , [16] we used in the present study for assessing hyposmia symptoms, whereas previous studies have relied primarily on questionnaires or interviews [10] , [19] and the unawareness of olfactory dysfunction often occur in self assessments [20] .…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

See 1 more Smart Citation

Residual olfactory dysfunction in coronavirus disease 2019 patients after long term recovery

Zhu

Cao

Zheng³

et al. 2021

Journal of Clinical Neuroscience

Self Cite

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

Introduction Hyposmia is among the most common symptoms of COVID-19 patients. Previous research has mainly described this issue at the disease’s early stages. Because olfactory impairment can indicate neurological degeneration, we investigated the possibility of permanent olfactory damage by assessing hyposmia during the late recovery stage of COVID-19 patients. Methods Ninety-five patients were assessed with the Brief Smell Identification Test for Chinese (B-SITC) and Hyposmia Rating Scale (HRS) after 16 weeks from disease onset. Five weeks later, 41 patients were retested with B-SITC. Results At the first visit, hyposmia was identified in 26/82 (31.7%) and 22/95 (23.2%) of participants by HRS (HRS score ≤22) and B-SITC (B-SITC score <8), respectively. The rates of hyposmia in patients who performed B-SITC after 14–15 weeks, 16–17 weeks, and ≥18 weeks from disease onset were 7/25 (28%), 8/35 (23%) and 7/35 (20%), respectively, which demonstrated a trend of olfaction improvement as recovery time prolonging. Hyposmia percentages decreased from the first visit (34.1%) to the second visit (24.4%) for the 41 patients who completed 2 visits. B-SITC scores of the first-visit hyposmia participants increased significantly at the second visit (5.29 ± 2.02 to 8.29 ± 2.40; n = 14, P = 0.001). Severe cases tended to recover less than common cases. Conclusions Hyposmia was present in up to one-third of COVID-19 patients after about 3 months from disease onset. Notable recovery of olfactory function was observed at a next 5-weeks follow-up. Clinical severity had little influence on olfactory impairment and recovery.

show abstract

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…We performed the recently developed B-SITC olfactory test [16] , which was modified from B-SIT. The odors selected for B-SITC are more familiar for the Chinese population than those used with B-SIT.…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Residual olfactory dysfunction in coronavirus disease 2019 patients after long term recovery

Zhu

Cao

Zheng³

et al. 2021

Journal of Clinical Neuroscience

Self Cite

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

show abstract

“…The shorter version of The University of Pennsylvania Smell Identification Test (UPSIT) smell test was used to evaluate hyposmia using twelve cards, each with a different smell (Brief Smell Identification Test™ (B-SIT ® )). A score of less than eight was considered abnormal, 8–10 indeterminate, and 11 or more were deemed normal [ 42 , 43 ].…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

A Comprehensive Assessment of Qualitative and Quantitative Prodromal Parkinsonian Features in Carriers of Gaucher Disease—Identifying Those at the Greatest Risk

Becker‐Cohen

Zimran

Dinur

et al. 2022

IJMS

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

Carriers of GBA1 gene variants have a significant risk of developing Parkinson’s disease (PD). A cohort study of GBA carriers between 40–75 years of age was initiated to study the presence of prodromal PD features. Participants underwent non-invasive tests to assess different domains of PD. Ninety-eight unrelated GBA carriers were enrolled (43 males) at a median age (range) of 51 (40–74) years; 71 carried the N370S variant (c.1226A > G) and 25 had a positive family history of PD. The Montreal Cognitive Assessment (MoCA) was the most frequently abnormal (23.7%, 95% CI 15.7–33.4%), followed by the ultrasound hyperechogenicity (22%, 95% CI 14–32%), Unified Parkinson’s Disease Rating Scale part III (UPDRS-III) (17.2%, 95% CI 10.2–26.4%), smell assessment (12.4%, 95% CI 6.6–20.6%) and abnormalities in sleep questionnaires (11%, 95% CI 5.7–19.4%). Significant correlations were found between tests from different domains. To define the risk for PD, we assessed the bottom 10th percentile of each prodromal test, defining this level as “abnormal”. Then we calculated the percentage of “abnormal” tests for each subject; the median (range) was 4.55 (0–43.5%). Twenty-two subjects had more than 15% “abnormal” tests. The limitations of the study included ascertainment bias of individuals with GBA-related PD in relatives, some incomplete data due to technical issues, and a lack of well-characterized normal value ranges in some tests. We plan to enroll additional participants and conduct longitudinal follow-up assessments to build a model for identifying individuals at risk for PD and investigate interventions aiming to delay the onset or perhaps to prevent full-blown PD.

show abstract

“…In the previous study, we used Ch-SIT-12 to test the olfactory function in PD and healthy controls among Chinese and found that it could be used as a screening test for PD in Chinese. In China, a modified Brief Smell Identification Test for Chinese (B-SITC) which was familiar with Chinese population has been approved by the China's National Medical Products Administration (NMPA) for clinical use [ 14 ]. Compared to SIT-12, B-SITC is disposable and more expensive, which makes it relatively rarely used clinically.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

China’s Modified Version of Sniffin’ Sticks 12‐Identification Test Used in Chinese Parkinson’s Disease and Multiple System Patients: Comparison of Three Olfactory Testing Methods

Liu,

Du,

et al. 2024

Parkinson's Disease

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

Objectives. The aim of this study was to compare the Sniffin’ Sticks 12‐identification test (SIT‐12), China‐modified version of the SIT‐12 test (Ch‐SIT‐12) and brief smell identification test for Chinese (B‐SITC) in Chinese population of Parkinson’s disease (PD) and multiple system atrophy (MSA). Methods. 36 patients with PD and 7 patients with MSA were enrolled in this study. Three olfactory testing methods (SIT‐12, Ch‐SIT‐12, and B‐SITC) were used to test the olfactory function in all participants. Furthermore, demographic and clinical data were collected. Results. There was no significant difference between three olfactory tests in patients with PD (B‐SITC vs. SIT‐12: P = 0.508; Ch‐SIT‐12 vs. B‐SITC: P = 0.146; and SIT‐12 vs. Ch‐SIT‐12: P = 0.375). Tremor‐dominant (TD) subtypes have better olfactory function than akinetic‐rigid dominant (ARD) subtypes when using Ch‐SIT‐12 (77.8% vs. 29.6%, P = 0.019) or B‐SITC (55.6% vs. 14.8%, P = 0.026). There was a statistical difference between the PD and MSA using Ch‐SIT‐12 to test the olfactory function (P = 0.046). Conclusions. Our results indicated that SIT‐12, Ch‐SIT‐12 and B‐SITC can be used for the detection of olfactory dysfunction in Chinese population of PD. TD subtypes may have better olfactory function than ARD subtypes. In addition, Ch‐SIT‐12 may be used to differentiate PD from MSA, but that should be confirmed in a larger population.

show abstract

Validation of a new olfactory test for Chinese Parkinson’s disease patients

Cited by 7 publications

References 24 publications

Residual olfactory dysfunction in coronavirus disease 2019 patients after long term recovery

Residual olfactory dysfunction in coronavirus disease 2019 patients after long term recovery

A Comprehensive Assessment of Qualitative and Quantitative Prodromal Parkinsonian Features in Carriers of Gaucher Disease—Identifying Those at the Greatest Risk

China’s Modified Version of Sniffin’ Sticks 12‐Identification Test Used in Chinese Parkinson’s Disease and Multiple System Patients: Comparison of Three Olfactory Testing Methods

Contact Info

Product

Resources

About