Validation of a novel biomechanical test bench for the knee joint with six degrees of freedom

Heinrichs, Christian Heinz; Knierzinger, Dominik; Stofferin, Hannes; Schmoelz, Werner

doi:10.1515/bmt-2016-0255

Cited by 7 publications

(8 citation statements)

References 39 publications

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“…This axis approximates the flexion–extension axis in the knee joint. It was used for standardised embedding and positioning inside the test bench [ 17 ]. The femur was cut at a distance of 150 mm and the tibia was cut at a distance of 110 mm from the inserted mediolateral pin.…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Testing of the different states was conducted on a customised validated test bench with six degrees of freedom (Fig. 2 ) [ 17 ]. Moving the tibia allowed knee flexion to be adjusted to 0°, 30°, 60°, and 90° relative to the fixed femur.…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…

Fig. 2 The biomechanical knee joint test bench [ 17 ] with a knee specimen fixed at 30° of flexion. Anterior tibial translation force (red arrow) is induced by a pulley-and-weight system.…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Modified Lemaire tenodesis reduces anterior cruciate ligament graft forces during internal tibial torque loading

et al. 2022

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Purpose The aim of the study was to directly measure graft forces of an anterior cruciate ligament reconstruction (ACLR) and a lateral extra-articular tenodesis (LET) using the modified Lemaire technique in combined anterior cruciate ligament (ACL) deficient and anterolateral rotatory instable knees and to analyse the changes in knee joint motion resulting from combined ACLR + LET. Methods On a knee joint test bench, six fresh-frozen cadaveric specimens were tested at 0°, 30°, 60°, and 90° of knee flexion in the following states: 1) intact; 2) with resected ACL; 3) with resected ACL combined with anterolateral rotatory instability; 4) with an isolated ACLR; and 5) with combined ACLR + LET. The specimens were examined under various external loads: 1) unloaded; 2) with an anterior tibial translation force (ATF) of 98 N; 3) with an internal tibial torque (IT) of 5 Nm; and 4) with a combined internal tibial torque of 5 Nm and an anterior tibial translation force of 98 N (IT + ATF). The graft forces of the ACLR and LET were recorded by load cells incorporated into custom devices, which were screwed into the femoral tunnels. Motion of the knee joint was analysed using a 3D camera system. Results During IT and IT + ATF, the addition of a LET reduced the ACLR graft forces up to 61% between 0° and 60° of flexion (P = 0.028). During IT + ATF, the LET graft forces reached 112 N. ACLR alone did not restore native internal tibial rotation after combined ACL deficiency and anterolateral rotatory instability. Combined ACLR + LET was able to restore native internal tibial rotation values for 0°, 60° and 90° of knee flexion with decreased internal tibial rotation at 30° of flexion. Conclusion The study demonstrates that the addition of a LET decreases the forces seen by the ACLR graft and reduces residual rotational laxity after isolated ACLR during internal tibial torque loading. Due to load sharing, a LET could support the ACLR graft and perhaps be the reason for reduced repeat rupture rates seen in clinical studies. Care must be taken not to limit the internal tibial rotation when performing a LET.

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Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Modified Lemaire tenodesis reduces anterior cruciate ligament graft forces during internal tibial torque loading

et al. 2022

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“…Horizontal knee joint simulators are particularly characterised by the horizontal position of the knee joint specimens (Blankevoort et al, 1988; Hirokawa et al, 1991; Torzilli et al, 1994; Bach and Hull, 1995; Dürselen et al, 1995; Omori et al, 1997; Ahmad et al, 1998; Kiguchi et al, 1999; Stukenborg-Colsman et al, 2002b; Hofer et al, 2011). Typically, the femur or the tibia is fixed to the simulator base or to a moveable swing arm, which is responsible for the flexion and extension movements, whereas the opposite side provides all necessary degrees of freedom (Heinrichs et al, 2017). Robotic arm systems (Rudy et al, 1996; Livesay et al, 1997; Li et al, 1999; Lo et al, 2008; Diermann et al, 2009; Goldsmith et al, 2013) are comparable to horizontal simulators, but the knee joint is moved along a previously determined passive motion path in which all external forces and moments acting on the knee joint are minimal (Lorenz et al, 2013).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…This is realised by weights or actuators and steel cables, which are connected to the bone at the anatomical insertion sites or directly to the muscles by special clamps. Typically, the quadriceps muscle, the two-headed gastrocnemius muscle or the hamstring muscles are simulated (Hirokawa et al, 1991; Shoemaker et al, 1993; Bach and Hull, 1995; Dürselen et al, 1995; Ahmad et al, 1998; Li et al, 2002; Gill et al, 2003; Hofer et al, 2011; Heinrichs et al, 2017). However, in most cases the applied muscle forces are relatively low and attain only values of up to 200 N (e.g., simulating the quadriceps muscle; Dürselen et al, 1995; Withrow et al, 2006).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

German Society of Biomechanics (DGfB) Young Investigator Award 2019: Proof-of-Concept of a Novel Knee Joint Simulator Allowing Rapid Motions at Physiological Muscle and Ground Reaction Forces

Schall¹,

Seitz²,

Hacker³

et al. 2019

Front. Bioeng. Biotechnol.

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The in vitro determination of realistic loads acting in knee ligaments, articular cartilage, menisci and their attachments during daily activities require the creation of physiological muscle forces, ground reaction force and unconstrained kinematics. However, no in vitro test setup is currently available that is able to simulate such physiological loads during squatting and jump landing exercises. Therefore, a novel knee joint simulator allowing such physiological loads in combination with realistic, rapid movements is presented. To gain realistic joint positions and muscle forces serving as input parameters for the simulator, a combined in vivo motion analysis and inverse dynamics (MAID) study was undertaken with 11 volunteers performing squatting and jump landing exercises. Subsequently, an in vitro study using nine human knee joint specimens was conducted to prove the functionality of the simulator. To do so, slow squatting without muscle force simulation representing quasi-static loading conditions and slow squatting and jump landing with physiological muscle force simulation were carried out. During all tests ground reaction force, tibiofemoral contact pressure, and tibial rotation characteristics were simultaneously recorded. The simulated muscle forces obtained were in good correlation (0.48 ≤ R ≤ 0.92) with those from the in vivo MAID study. The resulting vertical ground reaction force showed a correlation of R = 0.93. On the basis of the target parameters of ground reaction force, tibiofemoral contact pressure and tibial rotation, it could be concluded that the knee joint load was loaded physiologically. Therefore, this is the first in vitro knee joint simulator allowing squatting and jump landing exercises in combination with physiological muscle forces that finally result in realistic ground reaction forces and physiological joint loading conditions.

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Biomechanische In-vitro-Testmethoden am Kniegelenk

Deichsel,

Günther,

Ackermann

et al. 2024

Arthroskopie

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ZusammenfassungBiomechanische Studien kommen in der Sporttraumatologie häufig vor und werden regelmäßig zur Entscheidungsfindung in der Therapie von Patienten verwendet. In der biomechanischen In-vitro-Forschung können verschiedene Testmethoden zum Einsatz kommen, welche von Belastungstests von Implantaten mittels Materialprüfmaschinen, über passive humane Gelenkmodelle, bis zu komplexen aktiven Gelenkaufbauten mit physiologischen Belastungen reichen. Dieser Artikel beschreibt die grundlegenden Begriffe und Testmethoden der In-vitro-Kniegelenkbiomechanik, ihre Vorteile, Schwächen sowie Besonderheiten bei der Interpretation biomechanischer Studienergebnisse.

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Validation of a novel biomechanical test bench for the knee joint with six degrees of freedom

Cited by 7 publications

References 39 publications

Modified Lemaire tenodesis reduces anterior cruciate ligament graft forces during internal tibial torque loading

Modified Lemaire tenodesis reduces anterior cruciate ligament graft forces during internal tibial torque loading

German Society of Biomechanics (DGfB) Young Investigator Award 2019: Proof-of-Concept of a Novel Knee Joint Simulator Allowing Rapid Motions at Physiological Muscle and Ground Reaction Forces

Biomechanische In-vitro-Testmethoden am Kniegelenk

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