Validation of a Rapid Microwave‐Assisted Extraction Method and GC‐FID Quantification of Total Branched Chain Fatty Acids in Lamb Subcutaneous Adipose Tissue

Abstract

A rapid microwave‐assisted extraction and derivatization of three branched chain fatty acids (BCFA): 4‐methyloctanoic acid (MOA), 4‐ethyloctanoic acid (EOA) and 4‐methylnonanoic acid (MNA) from subcutaneous adipose tissue (SAT) of lamb was developed and validated. Linearity was excellent (R2 > 0.99), and the limits of detection and quantification (μg/mL) were between 0.03 to 0.05 and 0.04 to 0.06, respectively. The relative response factors were 0.9416, 1.2840, and 1.0370 determined with high precision (RSD: 5.8%, 6.7%, and 5.9%) for MOA, EOA, and MNA, respectively. The accuracy, recoveries and matrix effect were 92.5% to 108.3%, 103.1% to 103.8%, and 89.3% to 101.9%, respectively. Analysis of 24 SAT samples can be done in under 4 hr. The levels of total BCFA in SAT of lambs were in good agreement with levels found in literature using more time‐consuming method. Practical Application Microwave‐assisted preparation and quantification of branched chain fatty acids (BCFA) in lamb subcutaneous adipose tissue (SAT) was developed and validated. This method requires the use of less toxic chemicals and a relatively higher number of samples can be analyzed in a short period of time in comparison to established methods of fatty acid analysis. The validated method met the internationally accepted standards, and the BCFA levels in lamb SAT were consistent with published values; consequently, the method can be used for future analyses.

Quantification of Nervonic Acid in Human Milk in the First 30 Days of Lactation: Influence of Lactation Stages and Comparison with Infant Formulae

“…The calibration line of this method was defined by y = 0.733x + 0.7417 (R 2 = 0.9944) showing a good linearity [32]. The calibration lines of 24:1 n-9 and 23:0 were y = 9.47 × 10 6 x (R 2 = 0.9938) and y = 9.59 × 10 6 x (R 2 = 0.9965), respectively.…”

Effects of dietary fat sources on the intramuscular and subcutaneous adipose tissue fatty acid composition, and consumer acceptability of lamb

“…Microwave‐assisted extraction (as above) was also used for the FAME preparation of the BCFA, where a 0.1 g aliquot of adipose tissue was used. The detailed procedure and the quantification, where the relative response factors used were 0.9416, 1.2840, and 1.0370 for MOA, EOA, and MNA, respectively, are published elsewhere . Results were expressed as the absolute concentration of BCFA in adipose tissue (μg BCFA g −1 fat).…”

Effects of Novel Oral and Plasmid-Injected KISS1 DNA Vaccines on Immunocastration and in Inhibiting Mutton Odour of Male Goats

“…However, the immunocastration effect of the novel oral KISS1 DNA vaccine in large animals remains unclear. Male animal-associated odours in adipose tissue significantly affect the consumer's acceptance of the meat (Gravador et al, 2019). Immunocastration against GnRH vaccine can reduce boar taint and mutton odour (Heyrman et al, 2019;Han et al, 2019c).…”

“…Boar taint is mainly caused by androstenone in the testes and skatole and indole in adipose tissue (Heyrman et al, 2019). Mutton odour in goats or sheep is mainly caused by 4-methyloctanoic acid and 4-methylnonanoic acid in adipose tissue and androstenone in testes (Chen et al, 2012;Gravador et al, 2019). GnRH is a commonly used target for developing immunocastration vaccines.…”