Validation of a recommended practice for assessing “characterizing flavor” to meet requirements of the EU Tobacco Product Directive (2014/40/EU)

Chambers, Edgar; Paschke, Thilo

doi:10.1111/joss.12511

Cited by 3 publications

(7 citation statements)

References 31 publications

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“…The ToNic products included were cigarettes and RYO tobacco (n=13),22–34 e-cigarettes and e-liquids (n=10),11 35–43 nicotine replacement therapy (NRT; eg, nicotine gum; n=5),44–48 and other products (eg, ‘novel hybrid tobacco vapor product’; n=3) 27 30 49…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Four manuscripts described methods where participants smelled (instead of used) a ToNic product and completed sensory measures 22 2933 39 Krüsemann and colleagues29 conducted a study where 20 non-smoking women detected menthol odour in cigarettes using discrimination methods. Two studies described training expert panels to smell tobacco products and identify sensory attributes using descriptive methods,22 *33 both for European regulatory purposes.…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Sensory methods to evaluate perception of flavours in tobacco and other nicotine-containing products: a review

et al. 2021

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ObjectivesSensory methods use human senses to evaluate product attributes. This review provides an overview of the types of sensory methods used to evaluate the perception of flavour in tobacco and other nicotine-containing (ToNic) products and to discuss how sensory data could inform flavoured ToNic product policy.Data sourcesPubMed, Embase and Web of Science.Study selectionAll peer-reviewed studies evaluating ToNic products using a sensory method published before 23 May 2020.Data extractionTwo independent coders completed title/abstract and full-text screening to choose articles for inclusion (Cohen’s kappa=0.85, strong agreement). Each coder completed data extraction on half the articles, recording relevant information (eg, sensory methods used, results). The coders categorised sensory methods and generated overarching themes.Data synthesisOf 110 articles identified, we included 29 articles containing 35 studies that used sensory methods to investigate ToNic products. The sensory methods included analytic methods such as discrimination and descriptive tests and hedonic methods such as liking tests. Six themes emerged regarding how sensory methods can be used to understand consumer perception and liking of ToNic products and to inform ToNic product policy.ConclusionsThe identified studies highlight that sensory data can inform ToNic product policy. Analytic and sensory hedonic ratings can be used to assess a ToNic product’s ability to promote addiction in the user (ie, abuse liability). Lastly, hedonic ratings can provide information to assess potential use behaviours.

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Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Sensory methods to evaluate perception of flavours in tobacco and other nicotine-containing products: a review

et al. 2021

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“…The sensory assessment of tobacco products has a long history with respect to product design and consumer preference evaluation [8]. The few approaches proposed in literature for the sensory assessment of tobacco products' potentially exerting characterising flavours differ in the composition of panels, design of experiments, and statistical data evaluation [19][20][21]. The definition of characterising flavours provides conceptual challenges for both sensorial and chemical analysis [22].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Profiling of volatile substances by direct thermal desorption gas chromatography high-resolution mass spectrometry for flagging a characterising flavour in cigarette tobacco

Zelinková

Wenzl

2021

Anal Bioanal Chem

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This paper describes an analytical method that supports the implementation of articles 9 and 10 of the WHO Framework Convention on Tobacco Control (FCTC) regarding the provisions on the reduction of the palatability and attractiveness of tobacco products regarding flavour ingredients. This study aimed to develop a screening method to identify cigarettes that may have a characterising flavour to support the implementation of the ban of characterising flavours of tobacco products, as laid down in the US and EU law. An analytical method combining direct thermal desorption and GC–QTOF MS was developed for acquiring the profile of volatile and semi-volatile substances in tobacco. A database of flavour additives was created comprising 133 compounds. A group of cigarettes without a declared characterising flavour was used to establish a reference profile of flavouring chemicals commonly present in tobacco products. A reference profile was modelled both by the means of principal component analysis (PCA) and based on the calculation of threshold values specified as 95th percentile of measured compounds’ relative responses. Cigarettes and roll-your-own tobacco labelled as flavoured were analysed to evaluate the discrimination power of the method. A constructed model of the reference cigarettes allowed the differentiation of the flavoured tobacco products from the reference group. The method allows drawing conclusions on the chemical profiles of flavour constituents of tobacco products at even sensorial subliminal concentration levels and is suitable for both the initial screening of products on the market for characterising flavours and for confirmatory purposes after sensory analysis. Graphical abstract

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“…For example, current European and US regulations prohibit cigarettes and roll-your-own tobacco with a characterising flavour, 19 20 which is monitored by a sensory panel of trained experts. 21 22 Recently, more and more countries also announced regulatory actions regarding e-cigarette flavours. For example, the US Food and Drug Administration (FDA) has announced regulation to limit sales of e-cigarettes to minors 23 and to ban all e-cigarette flavours other than tobacco.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Regulation of and research on e-liquid flavours can focus on consumer flavour perception (sensory science), flavouring ingredients that compose a perceived flavour (chemical analysis), and flavour descriptions that are used for marketing purposes. For example, current European and US regulations prohibit cigarettes and roll-your-own tobacco with a characterising flavour,19 20 which is monitored by a sensory panel of trained experts 21 22. Recently, more and more countries also announced regulatory actions regarding e-cigarette flavours.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Nearly 20 000 e-liquids and 250 unique flavour descriptions: an overview of the Dutch market based on information from manufacturers

et al. 2019

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ObjectivesFlavours increase attractiveness of electronic cigarettes and stimulate use among vulnerable groups such as non-smoking adolescents. It is important for regulators to monitor the market to gain insight in, and regulate the range of e-liquid flavours that is available to consumers. E-liquid manufacturers are required to report key product information to authorities in the European Member States in which they plan to market their products. This information was used to provide an overview of e-liquid flavour descriptions marketed in the Netherlands in 2017.MethodsTwo researchers classified 19 266 e-liquids into the 16 main categories of the e-liquid flavour wheel, based on information from four variables in the European Common Entry Gate system. Flavour descriptions were further specified in subcategories.ResultsFor 16 300 e-liquids (85%), sufficient information was available for classification. The categories containing the highest number of e-liquids were fruit (34%), tobacco (16%) and dessert (10%). For all e-liquids, excluding unflavoured ones, 245 subcategories were defined within the main categories. In addition to previously reported subcategories, various miscellaneous flavours such as sandwich, buttermilk and lavender were identified.ConclusionsIn 2017, ~20 000 e-liquids were reported to be marketed in the Netherlands, in 245 unique flavour descriptions. The variety of marketed flavour descriptions reflects flavour preference of e-cigarette users as described in literature. Our systematic classification of e-liquids by flavour description provides a tool for organising the huge variety in market supply, serves as an example for other countries to generate similar overviews and can support regulators in developing flavour regulations.

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Validation of a recommended practice for assessing “characterizing flavor” to meet requirements of the EU Tobacco Product Directive (2014/40/EU)

Cited by 3 publications

References 31 publications

Sensory methods to evaluate perception of flavours in tobacco and other nicotine-containing products: a review

Sensory methods to evaluate perception of flavours in tobacco and other nicotine-containing products: a review

Profiling of volatile substances by direct thermal desorption gas chromatography high-resolution mass spectrometry for flagging a characterising flavour in cigarette tobacco

Nearly 20 000 e-liquids and 250 unique flavour descriptions: an overview of the Dutch market based on information from manufacturers

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