Validation of asthma recording in the Clinical Practice Research Datalink (CPRD)

Abstract

ObjectivesThe optimal method of identifying people with asthma from electronic health records in primary care is not known. The aim of this study is to determine the positive predictive value (PPV) of different algorithms using clinical codes and prescription data to identify people with asthma in the United Kingdom Clinical Practice Research Datalink (CPRD).Methods684 participants registered with a general practitioner (GP) practice contributing to CPRD between 1 December 2013 and 30 November 2015 were selected according to one of eight predefined potential asthma identification algorithms. A questionnaire was sent to the GPs to confirm asthma status and provide additional information to support an asthma diagnosis. Two study physicians independently reviewed and adjudicated the questionnaires and additional information to form a gold standard for asthma diagnosis. The PPV was calculated for each algorithm.Results684 questionnaires were sent, of which 494 (72%) were returned and 475 (69%) were complete and analysed. All five algorithms including a specific Read code indicating asthma or non-specific Read code accompanied by additional conditions performed well. The PPV for asthma diagnosis using only a specific asthma code was 86.4% (95% CI 77.4% to 95.4%). Extra information on asthma medication prescription (PPV 83.3%), evidence of reversibility testing (PPV 86.0%) or a combination of all three selection criteria (PPV 86.4%) did not result in a higher PPV. The algorithm using non-specific asthma codes, information on reversibility testing and respiratory medication use scored highest (PPV 90.7%, 95% CI (82.8% to 98.7%), but had a much lower identifiable population. Algorithms based on asthma symptom codes had low PPVs (43.1% to 57.8%)%).ConclusionsPeople with asthma can be accurately identified from UK primary care records using specific Read codes. The inclusion of spirometry or asthma medications in the algorithm did not clearly improve accuracy.Ethics and disseminationThe protocol for this research was approved by the Independent Scientific Advisory Committee (ISAC) for MHRA Database Research (protocol number15_257) and the approved protocol was made available to the journal and reviewers during peer review. Generic ethical approval for observational research using the CPRD with approval from ISAC has been granted by a Health Research Authority Research Ethics Committee (East Midlands—Derby, REC reference number 05/MRE04/87).The results will be submitted for publication and will be disseminated through research conferences and peer-reviewed journals.

Exacerbation risk and characterisation of the UK’s asthma population from infants to old age

“…The study population consisted of patients in CPRD-linked practices with validated Read codes (a clinical terminology system) indicating prevalent or incident asthma 7. Patients were eligible if a code for asthma had been recorded at ≤2 years prior to study entry if aged <18 years, or ≤3 years if aged ≥18 years (figure 1).…”

Changing causes of death for patients with chronic respiratory disease in England, 2005-2015

“…A validated code list was used to identify patients with asthma 33. A validated COPD code list34 was the basis of our COPD code list (see online supplement for additional codes).…”

Risk factors and secondary care utilisation in a primary care population with non-tuberculous mycobacterial disease in the UK

“…CRD included asthma, bronchiectasis, CF, COPD, and ILD. Asthma [19] and COPD [20] patients were identified using validated algorithms. The Read codes used to identify bronchiectasis [21], ILD [22], and CF [18] patients have been published.…”