Validation of CUSUM control chart for biofouling detection in heat exchangers

Statistical process control is a method used for controlling processes in which causes of variations and correction actions can be observed. Control chart is one of the powerful tools of statistical process control that are used to control nonconforming products. Previous literature suggests that fuzzy charts are more sensitive than conventional control charts, and hence, they provide better quality and conformance of products. Nevertheless, some of the data used are more suitable to be presented in interval type-2 fuzzy numbers compared to type-1 fuzzy numbers as interval type-2 fuzzy numbers have more ability to capture uncertain and vague information. In this paper, we develop an interval type-2 fuzzy standardized cumulative sum (IT2F-SCUSUM) control chart and apply it to data of fertilizer production. This new approach combines the advantages of interval type-2 fuzzy numbers and standardized sample means which can control the variability. Twenty samples with a sample size of six were examined for testing the conformance. The proposed IT2F-SCUSUM control chart unveils that 15 samples are “out of control.” The results are also compared to the conventional CUSUM chart and type-1 fuzzy CUSUM chart. The conventional chart shows that 13 samples are “out of control.” In contrast, the type-1 fuzzy CUSUM chart shows that the process is “out of control” for 14 samples. In the analysis of average run length, the proposed IT2F-SCUSUM chart outperforms the other two CUSUM charts. Thus, we can conclude that the IT2F-SCUSUM chart is more sensitive and takes lesser number of observations to identify the shift in the process. The analyses suggest that the IT2F-SCUSUM chart is a promising tool in examining conformance of the quality of the fertilizer production.

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“…Boullosa-Falces et al [19] examined the validation of CUSUM chart for biofouling detection in heat exchangers.…”

Section: Literature Reviewmentioning

confidence: 99%

Interval Type-2 Fuzzy Standardized Cumulative Sum Control Charts in Production of Fertilizers

Razali

Abdullah

Salleh

et al. 2021

Mathematical Problems in Engineering

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“…Moreover, several other techniques to detect biofouling within heat exchangers have been investigated, examples of which are acoustic, x-rays, optical, and ultrasound. The negative aspects of these techniques are the costs associated with them [ 16 ]. Moreover, in earlier research by Boullosa-Falces et al (2017), the CUSUM method was applied to marine diesel engines to detect fluctuations in parameters [ 23 ].…”

Section: Technological Substratum Of Detection Techniquesmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The ability, rate, and extent of adherence of microorganisms on a surface depend on the specific properties of the material. 2019) monitored the evolution of biofouling adherence to the internal surface of a heat exchanger through the slope change of the heat transfer resistance value (R f ), which is a widely used technique that has been validated in numerous studies, and CUSUM control graphs [16].The value of R f depends on the effect of biofilm growth on the boundary layer of the fluid and the turbulence in the interface area. The R f is measured and compared with its previously measured values; if the resistance to heat transfer increases, this indicates that a change in the internal environment of the heat exchanger has occurred [22].…”

Section: Materials For Bioreactors Fabricationmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…• Solely the presence of biofilm, this technique is not able to provide any information about the type of biofilm or its structure • Detection unknown, whether it is from initial adherence or later [16,23] Visible & Near-Infrared Spectral bands (V&NIR)…”

Section: In Situ Real-time Non-destructive Onlinementioning

confidence: 99%

“…Due to the wide variety of industries affected by the problem of biofouling, many different biofilm detection techniques have been developed throughout the past decades [ 9 ]. Two examples of such detection techniques and their application are (1) the visible and near-infrared processing technique (V&NIR), which is used to detect biofilm on monuments [ 15 ] and is based upon the properties of biological material to differently absorb and reflect light in different spectral bands [ 15 ], and (2) the cumulative sum (CUSUM) control chart, which detects biofilms within heat exchangers by the slope change of the heat transfer resistance value (Rf) [ 16 ]. These are two examples of detection techniques that have not been applied to detect biofilms in bioreactors; however, there are also detection techniques that have been applied in bioreactors.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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A Technological Understanding of Biofilm Detection Techniques: A Review

et al. 2020

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Biofouling is a persistent problem in almost any water-based application in several industries. To eradicate biofouling-related problems in bioreactors, the detection of biofilms is necessary. The current literature does not provide clear supportive information on selecting biofilm detection techniques that can be applied to detect biofouling within bioreactors. Therefore, this research aims to review all available biofilm detection techniques and analyze their characteristic properties to provide a comparative assessment that researchers can use to find a suitable biofilm detection technique to investigate their biofilms. In addition, it discusses the confluence of common bioreactor fabrication materials in biofilm formation.

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