Validation of PiezoSleep Scoring Against EEG/EMG Sleep Scoring in Rats

Abstract

Introduction Current methods of sleep research in rodents involve invasive surgical procedures of EEG and EMG electrodes implantation. Recently, a new method of measuring sleep, PiezoSleep, has been validated against implanted electrodes in mice and rats. PiezoSleep uses a piezoelectric film transducer to detect the rodent’s movements and respiration and employs an algorithm to automatically score sleep. Here, we validate PiezoSleep scoring versus EEG/EMG implanted electrodes sleep scoring in rats. Methods Adult male Brown Norway and Wistar Kyoto rats were implanted with bilateral stainless-steel screws into the skull for EEG recording and bilateral wire electrodes into the nuchal muscles for EMG assessment. In Brown Norway rats, the EEG/EMG electrode leads were soldered to a miniature connector plug and fixed to the skull. In Wistar Kyoto rats, the EEG/EMG leads were tunneled subcutaneously to a telemetry transmitter implanted in the flank. Rats were allowed to recover from surgery for one week. Brown Norway rats were placed in PiezoSleep cages, and had their headsets connected to cable for recording EEG/EMG signals, which were then manually scored by a human scorer in 10-sec epochs. Wistar Kyoto rats were placed in PiezoSleep cages, and EEG/EMG signals were recorded using a telemetry system (DSI). Sleep was scored automatically in 4-sec epochs using NeuroScore software. PiezoSleep software recorded and scored sleep in the rats. Results Rats implanted with corded EEG/EMG headsets had 85.6% concurrence of sleep-wake scoring with PiezoSleep. Rats implanted with EEG/EMG telemetry had 80.8% concurrence sleep-wake scoring with PiezoSleep. Sensitivity and specificity rates were similar between the EEG/EMG recording systems. Total sleep time and hourly sleep times did not differ in all three systems. However, automatic sleep detection by NeuroScore classified more sleep during the light period compared to the PiezoSleep. Conclusion We showed that PiezoSleep system can be a reliable alternative to both automatic and visual EEG/EMG- based sleep-wake scoring in rat.

Chrysanthemum morifolium and Its Bioactive Substance Enhanced the Sleep Quality in Rodent Models via Cl− Channel Activation

“…All surgeries were performed in a dedicated stereotaxic frame under inhaled isoflurane anesthesia (2–5% in O 2 ). EEG and EMG electrodes were implanted in rats (n = 6) as described previously [ 25 , 26 , 27 , 28 ]. A schematic diagram of the EEG/EMG coordinates is shown in Figure 1 a.…”

Recent Progress in Long-Term Sleep Monitoring Technology

“…Topchiy et al studied in vivo implanted electrodes to monitor sleep in mice. They experimented with sleep monitoring with implanted electrodes and telemetry and found they could classify sleep stages more effectively than in vitro monitoring devices [ 84 ]. As the technology of implanted electrodes matures, this may also be a future technology that can strike a good balance between contact resistance and non-sensory use.…”