Validation of<scp>IgG</scp>cut‐off values and their association with survival in neonatal foals

Liepman, Rachel S.; Dembek, Katarzyna; Slovis, Nathan M.; Reed, Stephen M.; Toribio, Ramiro E.

doi:10.1111/evj.12428

Cited by 35 publications

(40 citation statements)

References 15 publications

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“…Equine neonates therefore rely on passive transfer of IgG via colostrum intake for humoral immunity to reduce the risk of infectious diseases in the first weeks of life (Jeffcott 1974b, McGuire et al 1977, Robinson et al 1993, Raidal 1996, Holznagel et al 2003, Thein et al 2005, Liepman et al 2015. Adequate serum IgG concentrations in foals are generally defined as ≥ 8 g/L (Koterba et al 1985).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Effect of different postnatal care practices on serum gamma globulin concentrations in neonatal foals

Tscheschlok¹,

Howard²,

Venner³

2016

PHK

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Summary:The aim of the present study was to evaluate failure of transfer of passive immunity (FTPI), estimated using electrophoretic gamma globulin concentrations (EGG), during the first 24 hours of life in neonatal foals given either intensive postnatal assistance to nurse or no assistance for the first twelve hours postnatum. Sixty warmblood foals from the same breeding farm were included in this prospective study. Of these, 40 foals (Group 1) were assisted to stand after one hour and nurse after two hours postnatum. They received colostrum by bottle hourly from two hours postnatum until they nursed unaided, as well as by bottle or nasogastric tube after eight hours postnatum if their general condition declined. A further 20 foals (Group 2) received no initial assistance but were given colostrum by bottle or nasogastric tube twelve hours postnatum if they had not nursed or if their general condition declined. A serum protein electrophoresis was performed from samples collected 6, 8, 10, 12, 18 and 24 hours after birth in each foal. In Group 1, 16/40 foals nursed unaided within two hours postnatum, 16/40 foals were assisted to the dam's udder, and 8/40 foals received colostrum by bottle. The median time from birth to the first unassisted intake of colostrum was 141 minutes and 149 minutes in Groups 1 and 2, respectively. The median EGG concentration was lowest at 6 hours postnatum in both groups. At 10 hours postnatum, both groups achieved a median EGG above 8 g/L. The highest median EGG concentration was reached at 12 hours in both groups, after which no significant change in EGG concentrations was observed. No significant difference in EGG concentrations was found between the groups. Moreover, no difference in the proportion of foals with FTPI (defined as EGG < 8 g/L at 24 hours postnatum) was found between the groups. Findings of the present study suggest that EGG concentrations and FTPI are not significantly affected by the postnatal care practices used in this breeding farm. Further investigations are required to evaluate methods of postnatal care that may considerably impact FTPI in neonatal foals.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Effect of different postnatal care practices on serum gamma globulin concentrations in neonatal foals

Tscheschlok¹,

Howard²,

Venner³

2016

PHK

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“…Failure of transfer of passive immunity (FTPI) is common in neonatal foals and predisposes them to severe infections . Early detection of http://FTPI is therefore important to ensure adequate and timely treatment .…”

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confidence: 99%

“…Early detection of http://FTPI is therefore important to ensure adequate and timely treatment . Immunoglobulin G (IgG) concentrations of >800 mg/dL measured 12–48 hour postnatum are generally considered adequate, and http://FTPI is commonly defined as partial http://FTPI at IgG concentrations of 400–800 mg/dL or total http://FTPI at IgG concentrations <400 mg/dL …”

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confidence: 99%

Validation of a Point‐of‐Care Quantitative Equine IgG Turbidimetric Immunoassay and Comparison of IgG Concentrations Measured with Radial Immunodiffusion and a Point‐of‐Care IgGELISA

Ujvari

Schwarzwald

Fouché

et al. 2017

Veterinary Internal Medicne

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BackgroundPoint‐of‐care (POC) diagnostic tests with good sensitivity and specificity are needed for diagnosing failure of transfer of passive immunity (FTPI) in foals. Turbidimetric immunoassays (TIA) have these characteristics and provide quantitative results. A commercially available TIA‐based POC test (POC‐TIA) has not been validated in horses.ObjectiveTo validate a POC‐TIA and compare results of POC‐TIA, a POC‐ELISA, and radial immunodiffusion (RID).AnimalsHeparinized blood samples (n = 127) from 48 hospitalized foals (<12 hour to 48 days).MethodsProspective validation study. IgG concentrations were measured using RID (gold standard), POC‐TIA, and POC‐ELISA. Agreement between assays was assessed using Bland–Altman analysis. Sensitivity and specificity were calculated using ROC curves. Inter‐ and intra‐assay coefficients of variation (CVs) and linearity were evaluated for POC‐TIA.ResultsThe mean bias (95% limits of agreement) between RID and POC‐TIA was −4 (−185 to 176), 27 (−201 to 255), and 308 (−377 to 993) mg/dL for samples with IgG concentrations of <400, 400–800, and >800 mg/dL, respectively. Sensitivity and specificity at optimal cutoff were 94 and 100% for the POC‐TIA and 94 and 100% for the POC‐ELISA to detect IgG <400 mg/dL, and 85 and 87% (POC‐TIA) and 69 and 79% (POC‐ELISA) to detect IgG ≤800 mg/dL. Intra‐ and interassay CVs for POC‐TIA ranged between 1.6–3.8 and 11.9–18.8%, respectively. Linearity of the dilution series was preserved (R 2 > 0.96).Conclusions and Clinical ImportanceThe POC‐TIA provided unambiguous results and had sufficient sensitivity, specificity, accuracy, and precision to be used as an alternative to other POC tests to assess FTPI in foals.

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“…Immunoglobulin G concentration <400 mg/dL was the only variable with no statistical significance associated with nonsurvival in the multivariate analysis. A previous study investigated the relationship between IgG concentrations and nonsurvival and found an increased risk of mortality for foals with concentrations of <400 mg/dL and 400‐800 mg/dL compared to concentrations >800 mg/dL. It is possible that applying a cutoff of <800 mg/dL to predict nonsurvival in our study may have correlated better with mortality.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Evaluation of the foal survival score in a Danish‐Swedish population of neonatal foals upon hospital admission

Bohlin

Saegerman

Hoeberg

et al. 2019

Veterinary Internal Medicne

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Background It is highly desirable to assess the probability of survival in sick neonatal foals upon admission. The foal survival score (FSS) is a published scoring system used to estimate the probability of survival in hospitalized neonatal foals <4 days old. Hypothesis/Objectives To evaluate the ability of the FSS to predict survival in older foals from a geographically different area compared to the original study. Animals Five‐hundred ninety hospitalized neonatal foals ≤14 days of age. Methods Retrospective Danish‐Swedish multicenter study that included details of signalment, history, clinical examination, laboratory results, necropsy findings, and outcome. Scores and score variables were compared between survivors and nonsurvivors using logistic regression. The optimal cutoff and its test parameters were calculated using a receiver operator characteristic curve. Results Prematurity, cold extremities, ≥2 infectious or inflammatory sites, blood glucose concentration, and total white blood cell counts were significantly associated with nonsurvival ( P ≤ .02). The optimal cutoff to predict survival was ≥6, resulting in sensitivity 78%, specificity 58%, 92% positive predictive value, and 31% negative predictive value. The test performed equally well in foals <4 days old compared to those 4‐14 days old. Conclusions and Clinical Importance Using the suggested optimal cutoff of ≥6, the FSS performed moderately well and may aid in early determination of prognosis for survival. However, the FSS did perform differently in another population and therefore should be assessed under local conditions so that its diagnostic potential is not overestimated.

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Validation ofIgGcut‐off values and their association with survival in neonatal foals

Cited by 35 publications

References 15 publications

Effect of different postnatal care practices on serum gamma globulin concentrations in neonatal foals

Effect of different postnatal care practices on serum gamma globulin concentrations in neonatal foals

Validation of a Point‐of‐Care Quantitative Equine IgG Turbidimetric Immunoassay and Comparison of IgG Concentrations Measured with Radial Immunodiffusion and a Point‐of‐Care IgGELISA

Evaluation of the foal survival score in a Danish‐Swedish population of neonatal foals upon hospital admission

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