Evaluation of the foal survival score in a Danish‐Swedish population of neonatal foals upon hospital admission

Bohlin, Anna; Saegerman, Claude; Hoeberg, Emma; Sånge, Alexandra; Nostell, Katarina; Durie, Inge; Husted, Louise; Öhman, Annika; Galen, Gaby Van

doi:10.1111/jvim.15487

Cited by 8 publications

(7 citation statements)

References 16 publications

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“…One of the limitations of the current study is that the results of the CIG were not compared with the results obtained using a clinical pathology laboratory (online supplementary figure 1). Given the potential applications of CIG in equine neonatology and endocrinology, it was not considered as a problem as, in clinical practice, most therapeutic decisions are made based on POC results rather than on clinical pathology laboratory results 27 28. Another limitation of the study is that sensors were not investigated in regard to their marketed longevity of up to a 14-day wearing time.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Comparison of a continuous indwelling glucometer with a point‐of‐care device in healthy adult horses

et al. 2020

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BackgroundBlood glucose is tightly regulated in horses; however, since hypoglycaemia and hyperglycaemia are associated with poor prognosis, close monitoring is warranted. This study aimed at evaluating a continuous indwelling glucometer (CIG) by comparing performance with a point-of-care glucometer (POC).MethodsTen horses were equipped with CIG and an intravenous catheter. Interstitial glucose concentrations were determined by CIG every 5 min at rest, during insulin-induced hypoglycaemia and dextrose-induced hyperglycaemia, and compared with blood glucose determined by POC. Glucose concentrations were compared by two-way repeated measures analysis of variance and weighted kappa with Bland-Altman plots to determine agreement between assays.ResultsHorses tolerated CIG well; however, five devices had to be replaced. There were no statistically significant differences between assays at rest or during hyperglycaemia; however, during hypoglycaemia, glucose concentrations determined by CIG were significantly higher (P=0.01). The mean bias (95% limits of agreement) between assays ranged from −0.03 (−2.46 to 2.52) mmol/l (hyperglycaemia) to 0.97 (−1.23 to 3.16) mmol/l (hypoglycaemia). Assay agreement was ‘good’ with observed agreements of 87.04% (κ=0.67).Conclusions of the studyCIG has acceptable accuracy in horses as compared with POC but overestimates glucose concentrations during hypoglycaemia and requires frequent replacement, limiting its clinical application.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Comparison of a continuous indwelling glucometer with a point‐of‐care device in healthy adult horses

et al. 2020

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“…6 The score has been validated under Scandinavian circumstances and with slightly older foals (until 14 days of age) than the original American sample and found to perform reasonably well. 26 A high survival score indicates a high chance for survival.…”

Section: Survival Scorementioning

confidence: 99%

Serum amyloid A as a marker to detect sepsis and predict outcome in hospitalized neonatal foals

Hoeberg

Sånge

Saegerman

et al. 2022

Veterinary Internal Medicne

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Background Serum amyloid A (SAA) has been reported to hold promise as diagnostic and prognostic marker in foals. This has not been investigated thoroughly. Objectives Evaluate admission SAA concentrations as predictor of sepsis and outcome. Animals Five hundred and ninety hospitalized foals <14 days old. Methods Retrospective multicenter study. Foals were scored with sepsis and survival scores, grouped according to health category (septic, sick but nonseptic, uncertain sepsis status) and outcome; septic foals were further categorized according to severity (normal sepsis, severe sepsis, and septic shock). SAA was compared between groups using Mann‐Whitney test and Kruskal‐Wallis test. Receiver operating characteristic curves identified optimal SAA cut off values for detecting sepsis and predicting outcome. Results Admission SAA concentrations differed significantly between sick nonseptic foals (312.1 ± 685.4 mg/L) and septic foals (1079.7 ± 1254.5 mg/L) and increased with increasing sepsis score. SAA did not differ between sepsis severity groups. The optimal cut off for sepsis detection was 1050 mg/L (sensitivity 30.2%, specificity 90.7%). Admission SAA concentrations were lower in surviving (435.0 ± 723.6 mg/L) compared to nonsurviving foals (1062.7 ± 1440.1 mg/L) and decreased with increasing survival score. The optimal cut off for nonsurvival prediction was 1250 mg/L (sensitivity 22.1%, specificity 90.8%). Conclusions and Clinical Importance SAA concentration was higher in septic foals and nonsurviving foals. Even though optimal cut offs for SAA to detect sepsis and predict outcome had low sensitivity, they had good specificity. SAA can therefore be used as a marker to rule out sepsis and nonsurvival.

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“…Previous studies have suggested that specific cardiovascular indices, hematological and serum biochemical variables (eg, leukocyte and neutrophil count, venous and arterial blood gas analysis, lactate, anion gap), as well as selected physical examination parameters upon presentation (eg, hypothermia, tachypnea, and ability to stand) are significantly associated with outcome of critical illness in foals 6–8 . Additionally, the use of survival scores has been established in both human and equine ICUs to predict outcome, estimate the severity of disease, and to facilitate evaluation of treatment interventions 9,10 . A simple equine neonatal scoring system (foal survival score) may aid in early determination of prognosis for survival, based on a reported sensitivity of 78 10 and 96%, 11 and specificity of 58 and 71%, in 2 recent studies at separate locations.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Additionally, the use of survival scores has been established in both human and equine ICUs to predict outcome, estimate the severity of disease, and to facilitate evaluation of treatment interventions 9,10 . A simple equine neonatal scoring system (foal survival score) may aid in early determination of prognosis for survival, based on a reported sensitivity of 78 10 and 96%, 11 and specificity of 58 and 71%, in 2 recent studies at separate locations. The foal survival score is based on easily obtainable clinical variables, including prematurity, cold extremities, presence of > 2 infectious or inflammatory sites, blood glucose concentration, total WBC count, and immunoglobulin G concentrations, which can be assessed on admission.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Comparative evaluation of clinical findings and prognostic outcome parameters in hospitalized, critically ill neonatal foals and crias

Bedenice

Avila

Paradis

2021

J Vet Emergen Crit Care

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Objective Species‐related differences in the prevalence, manifestation, and outcome of neonatal illness may impact management practices of neonatal intensive care. The study aimed to elucidate similarities between disease manifestations and mortality risks of critically ill (CI) neonatal crias and foals admitted to the same referral center. Design A comparative, retrospective cohort evaluation of two species (camelid and equine). Setting The study was conducted in a University hospital. Animals Two hundred and forty‐six CI neonatal crias (January 1999 to May 2016) and 356 neonatal foals (February 2001 to May 2016) under 4‐week‐old were admitted to a university hospital. Intervention All data are presented descriptively and compared between groups using univariate and multivariate analyses. Measurements and Main Results Female crias (142/246, 57.7%) were significantly overrepresented in comparison to fillies (132/352, 37.5%). Congenital defects and transfer failure of passive immunity were more often observed in neonatal crias, while colic, diarrhea, patent urachus, septic arthritis, and omphalitis were significantly more common in CI foals. Overall survival to discharge (excluding fatal congenital defects) was comparable between crias (174/224; 77.8%) and foals (287/347, 82.1%), while crias (26/48; 54.2%) were more likely than foals (21/60; 35%) to die naturally than undergo euthanasia. Lower respiratory disease and indications for oxygen or IV glucose support increased mortality in the multivariate outcome models of both species. Species‐specific adaptations of pediatric diagnostic criteria for sepsis were significantly associated with mortality in the multivariate analysis of patients with complete hematological datasets. However, the diagnosis of systemic inflammatory response syndrome (SIRS) did not retain statistical significance as an independent outcome predictor. Conclusions Lower respiratory disease and oxygen or glucose dysregulation increased mortality irrespective of species. However, despite species‐specific differences in disease prevalence, the success of intensive care management was comparable.

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Evaluation of the foal survival score in a Danish‐Swedish population of neonatal foals upon hospital admission

Cited by 8 publications

References 16 publications

Comparison of a continuous indwelling glucometer with a point‐of‐care device in healthy adult horses

Comparison of a continuous indwelling glucometer with a point‐of‐care device in healthy adult horses

Serum amyloid A as a marker to detect sepsis and predict outcome in hospitalized neonatal foals

Comparative evaluation of clinical findings and prognostic outcome parameters in hospitalized, critically ill neonatal foals and crias

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