Validation of shale brittleness index calculation from wireline log of well BETRO-001 by using XRD test results and uniaxial test as parameters for determining potential of shale hydrocarbon - brown shale of Pematang Group Formation, Central Sumatra Basin, Bengkalis Trough

Buntoro, Aris; Prasetyadi, Carolus; Wibowo, Ricky Adi; Suranto, Suranto; Lukmana, Allen Haryanto

doi:10.1088/1755-1315/212/1/012069

Cited by 8 publications

(11 citation statements)

References 9 publications

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“…However, the elemental compositions (Table II) indicate that the contents of copper minerals such as bornite, chalcopyrite and malachite in the three ores are below 7% (w/w) and their volume fractions are lower than 4% (v/v). Therefore, the Bond work indices of the ores are mainly dependent on the fracturing behaviour of the gangue (abundant) minerals (Buntoro et al, 2018). The lowest Wi, for sulphide 1, could be attributed to the conchoidal fracturing of quartz (see Table IV), since this ore has the highest quartz content Table III).…”

Section: Bond Work Index Brittleness and Toughnessmentioning

confidence: 98%

“…The brittleness index (βi), which is used in fracture mechanics, is dependent on various factors such as composition, texture, porosity, and the applied external load to effect fragmentation (Ye, Tang, and Xi, 2020). Various methods (Fatah et al, 2016;Ye, Tang, and Xi, 2020) are currently applied to calculate the brittleness index, and these can be grouped into two categories: (i) brittleness indices based on rock mechanical properties using parameters such as stress, strain, Poisson's ratio, and Young's modulus (Guo, Chapman, and Li, 2012;Jiang et al, 2020;Li et al, 2020;Meng, Wong, and Zhou, 2021;Mews, Alhubail, and Barati, 2019;Ozkahraman, 2010;Swain and Rao, 2009), and (ii) brittleness indices derived from mineral content (Buntoro et al, 2018;Fatah et al, 2016;Ye, Tang, and Xi, 2020). Based on the mechanical properties, βi is obtained by dividing the compressive strength by tensile strength (Meng, Wong, and Zhou, 2021).…”

Section: Bond Work Index Brittleness and Toughnessmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The later method of calculating the brittleness index, but based on the chemical (elemental) composition rather than the mineral composition, was considered in this study. βi was defined using Equation [6] as the ratio of the acidic elements Si and Al, which contribute to the brittleness of the ore (Buntoro et al, 2018) to the basic elements (K, Ca, and Mg). This is a reciprocal of the basicity modulus in chemistry (Humad, Habermehl-Cwirzen, and Cwirzen, 2019).…”

Section: Bond Work Index Brittleness and Toughnessmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Effect of mineralogy on grindability -A case study of copper ores

Nghipulile

Moongo

Dzinomwa

et al. 2023

J. S. Afr. Inst. Min. Metall.

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The effect of mineralogy on the grindability was investigated using three copper ores - two sulphides and one oxide. The dominant copper minerals were identified by optical microscopy and mineral chemistry derived from SEM-EDS analysis. The sample designated sulphide 1 was bornite-rich, sulphide 2 ore was mainly chalcopyrite, and the oxide ore was predominantly malachite and minor azurite. The gangue minerals were identified using semi-qualitative XRD analysis. Sulphide 1 contained more than 80% (w/w) of quartz compared to about 70% in the other two ores. The Bond work indices were 13.8, 21.6, and 17.3 kWh/t for sulphide 1, sulphide 2, and oxide ore respectively. This suggested that the chalcopyrite-rich ore is the hardest, while the malachite-rich ore has intermediate hardness, and the bornite-rich ore is the softest. The brittleness indices of the ores were calculated using the chemical composition of the gangue, and a good correlation between brittleness indices and Bond work indices was observed, which highlights the importance of the gangue composition in determining the fracture behaviour of the ores. There is scope for further investigation into the relationship between ore mineralogy and comminution behaviour using other breakage characterization techniques.

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Section: Bond Work Index Brittleness and Toughnessmentioning

confidence: 98%

Section: Bond Work Index Brittleness and Toughnessmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Bond Work Index Brittleness and Toughnessmentioning

confidence: 99%

See 1 more Smart Citation

Effect of mineralogy on grindability -A case study of copper ores

Nghipulile

Moongo

Dzinomwa

et al. 2023

J. S. Afr. Inst. Min. Metall.

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“…As per experimental information reported by the authors, take cylindrical/cubical shale specimen or crushed sample out of the shale outcrop to study the fracturing and testing the mechanism. 69,92 These analyses help to depict the pore structure and adsorption changes after exposure to Sc-CO 2 at a particular pressure and temperature for a particular duration of time. 69,92 For monitoring the fracturing process like fracture initiation, propagation and closure in the specimen, acoustic emission (AE) a nondestructive testing tool is used when shale specimens are under compressive load.…”

Section: Sc-co 2 Fracturing Characterization Of the Shale Rock Samplesmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…69,92 These analyses help to depict the pore structure and adsorption changes after exposure to Sc-CO 2 at a particular pressure and temperature for a particular duration of time. 69,92 For monitoring the fracturing process like fracture initiation, propagation and closure in the specimen, acoustic emission (AE) a nondestructive testing tool is used when shale specimens are under compressive load. 21,82,93,94 After fracturing, the study of the morphology of fracture network created by Sc-CO 2 a nondestructive high-energy computed tomography (CT), digital radiography (DR) (applicable when specimen breaks into 2 pieces) used for visual observation of fracture surface, type, and propagation.…”

Section: Sc-co 2 Fracturing Characterization Of the Shale Rock Samplesmentioning

confidence: 99%

Supercritical Carbon Dioxide Utilization for Hydraulic Fracturing of Shale Reservoir, and Geo-Storage: A Review

Gupta,

Verma

2023

Energy Fuels

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Hydraulic fracturing has completely revolutionized how shale resources are exploited to extracthydrocarbons. However, sustainability and environmental issues have fueled the desire for alternate fracturing technologies. Supercritical carbon dioxide (Sc-CO2) fracturing is a new method that uses high-pressure, high-temperature CO2 in its supercritical state (7.38 MPa and 31.1 °C) to generate fractures in shale formations, thereby increasing reservoir permeability. This Review thoroughly analyzes the effects of Sc-CO2 on shale reservoirs during the fracturing process, including the factors that affect fracture breakdown pressure and the complexity and roughness of fracture induced by Sc-CO2. Sc-CO2 can fracture rock at a fracturing pressure lower than that of slick water. CO2, in its supercritical state, shows strong permeability, low viscosity, and extremely low surface tension, like gas, because of which it can infiltrate any space larger than its kinetic diameter (0.330 nm). Many research investigations illustrate how Sc-CO2 affects shales with diverse pore structures, mineral compositions, and mechanical properties when exposed to Sc-CO2 for several hours to days. It is challenging to effectively store CO2 in shale gas reservoirs due to their low permeability and limited storage capacity. To improve the effectiveness of CO2 storage, shale can be fractured to increase the pore space and surface area in reservoirs. Thereby, a certain amount of the CO2 pumped for shale gas production can be securely stored in shale formations, reducing carbon emissions and allowing for a zero-carbon footprint. This paper discusses the pathway and different chemical reactions involved in the storage of CO2 after fracturing over a period. However, fully understanding the interactions between Sc-CO2 and shale rock and the possibility of long-term storage of CO2 in shale formations is quite challenging. It is because of a lack of research and limited knowledge in the above field. Hence, more investigation and development are required in the research area of Sc-CO2 fracturing and the interaction of CO2 with shale rock.

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Use of Outcrop as Substitute for Subsurface Shale: Current Understanding of Similarities, Discrepancies, and Associated Challenges

et al. 2021

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Full coring in shale reservoirs is challenging, time consuming, and risky due to fragility. Therefore, shale outcrop analogs are often used as an alternative to enhance the understanding of corresponding subsurface reservoir formation multifaceted mineralogy and rock characteristics. As consequence, many researchers perform their fundamental experimental studies on the core samples collected from outcrops when the subsurface unconventional shale samples are scarce. An assumption is often made that the rock composition and properties of outcrop and subsurface samples remain the same which raises some serious concerns and demands a thorough review of published research to check the validity of this approach to characterize shale reservoirs. The high degree of lateral and vertical heterogeneity and anisotropy, weathering, contamination, and postdepositional tectonic activities further add to the major challenges. In this literature-based study, the authors revisit the current understanding and challenges of using shale outcrops to complement the available subsurface samples and use them for the preliminary evaluation of underexploration and undeveloped unconventional shale reservoirs. The similarities and discrepancies of mineralogical, petrophysical, geochemical, and geomechanical properties are discussed. Finally, some concluding remarks and recommendations are presented.

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Validation of shale brittleness index calculation from wireline log of well BETRO-001 by using XRD test results and uniaxial test as parameters for determining potential of shale hydrocarbon - brown shale of Pematang Group Formation, Central Sumatra Basin, Bengkalis Trough

Cited by 8 publications

References 9 publications

Effect of mineralogy on grindability -A case study of copper ores

Effect of mineralogy on grindability -A case study of copper ores

Supercritical Carbon Dioxide Utilization for Hydraulic Fracturing of Shale Reservoir, and Geo-Storage: A Review

Use of Outcrop as Substitute for Subsurface Shale: Current Understanding of Similarities, Discrepancies, and Associated Challenges

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