Validation of the Chinese Version of the Quality of Dying and Death Questionnaire for Family Members of ICU Patients

Translation and Cultural Adaptation into Portuguese of the Quality of Dying and Death Scale for Family Members of Patients in Intensive Care Units

“…However, this was deemed unnecessary in the present study. The content validation index values of the present study were similar to other cultural adaptation and translation studies into other languages, with a small variance between 0.8 and 0.96 [ 13 , 15 ].…”

“…The current study followed the recommendations presenting a method similar to that of other comparable research, including an average contingent of two native translators at each stage of translation and back-translation and an average of at least five professionals for the composition of the Committee of Experts [ 12 , 13 , 14 , 15 , 16 , 25 , 27 , 28 ], to ensure greater reliability and credibility [ 16 ]. This step is described as critical for professionals’ inferences in the literature.…”

“…It provides subsidies and adds significant value to the instrument’s understanding [ 29 ]. The Committees of Experts of other cultural adaptation studies of the QODD were composed of 6 to 12 professionals, including clinicians, psychologists, nurses and social workers [ 12 , 13 , 14 , 15 , 16 ].…”

“…It can be stated that the use of this instrument aids in the decision-making process in the face of death by providing a concrete assessment of the subjective concepts associated with it [ 2 , 4 , 5 , 7 , 11 ]. The Spanish, German, Chinese and Persian versions of the QODD have already been culturally adapted and validated [ 12 , 13 , 14 , 15 , 16 ].…”

Validation of the Quality of Dying and Death Questionnaire among the Chinese populations

“…There are so far four main QODD versions: the original 31-item version, a 14-item version for nurses in the ICU (Treece et al, 2004), a later Version 3.2 for self-administration by a significant other (family member and/or friend) of a patient who died in a hospital or ICU (Glavan et al, 2008), and a similar version for self-administration by HCP who cared for a patient who died in a hospital or ICU (UW Medicine, n.d.). Certain versions have also been validated or used in populations other than Americans, e.g., South Korean ICU patients (Version 3.2 for HCP) (Cho et al, 2018), Chinese ICU patients (Version 3.2 for HCP) (Han et al, 2021), German palliative care patients (31-item version) (Heckel et al, 2015, 2016), Kenya cancer patients (31-item version) (Mah et al, 2019b), Chilean cancer patients (30 items) (Pérez-Cruz et al, 2017), and cancer patients in Spain (26 items) (Sánchez and Cuesta-Vargas, 2018). Due to these substantial differences in the versions, raters, and settings, results from the QODD's validation studies could not be grouped as one (Kupeli et al, 2019).…”