“…After the first selection and further full-text selection, 15 records were included in this study. 6 , 7 , 11–14 , 21–29 The flow diagram of article retrieval and selection is displayed in Figure 1 . Figure 1 Flow diagram of retrieval and selection of eligible studies.…”
Section: Resultsmentioning
confidence: 99%
“…Four of the 15 included studies used the FLACC scale to assess procedural pain in immunization center, emergency unit and PICU. 6 , 25 , 27 , 29 Only one study assessed acute pain in the emergency unit. 26 Ten other studies assessed postoperative pain in different setting, such as post-anesthetic care unit (PACU), PICU, cardiac intensive care unit (CICU), inpatient unit, and burns/surgical/trauma unit.…”
Section: Resultsmentioning
confidence: 99%
“…Only one study assessed acute pain in children, while 4 included studies assessed procedural pain in different settings. 6 , 25–27 , 29 …”
Section: Resultsmentioning
confidence: 99%
“…Only 3 included studies reported convergent validity in infants and children with procedural pain. 6 , 27 , 29 …”
Purpose
We performed this systematic review to summarize the psychometric properties of Face, Legs, Activity, Cry and Consolability (
FLACC
) scale in pediatric patients in different settings.
Methods
Two investigators independently searched PubMed, EMBASE, OVID and China National Knowledge Infrastructure (CNKI) for eligible studies through July 2021. We assessed the psychometric properties using the modified critical appraisal tool (CAT). Finally, we systematically reviewed the results of the included studies.
Results
A total of 15 studies were eventually included. The overall quality of each eligible study was low to moderate. The
FLACC
scale has been available in different versions and in different settings. Although eligible studies have demonstrated significant clinical benefit in assessing postoperative pain in pediatric patients aged 0 to 10 years from post-anesthetic care unit (PACU), pediatric intensive care unit (PICU) and inpatient unit, and in assessing procedural pain in pediatric patients aged 0.5 to 7 years from emergency unit, immunization center and PICU, mostly without test-retest analysis.
Conclusion
Although the absence of a gold standard of pain assessment, the currently available data support the usefulness of the
FLACC
from the perspective of criterion validity. Therefore, the
FLACC
scale can be considered for measuring observational pain in infants and children. However, further studies are still needed to provide more robust evidence.
“…After the first selection and further full-text selection, 15 records were included in this study. 6 , 7 , 11–14 , 21–29 The flow diagram of article retrieval and selection is displayed in Figure 1 . Figure 1 Flow diagram of retrieval and selection of eligible studies.…”
Section: Resultsmentioning
confidence: 99%
“…Four of the 15 included studies used the FLACC scale to assess procedural pain in immunization center, emergency unit and PICU. 6 , 25 , 27 , 29 Only one study assessed acute pain in the emergency unit. 26 Ten other studies assessed postoperative pain in different setting, such as post-anesthetic care unit (PACU), PICU, cardiac intensive care unit (CICU), inpatient unit, and burns/surgical/trauma unit.…”
Section: Resultsmentioning
confidence: 99%
“…Only one study assessed acute pain in children, while 4 included studies assessed procedural pain in different settings. 6 , 25–27 , 29 …”
Section: Resultsmentioning
confidence: 99%
“…Only 3 included studies reported convergent validity in infants and children with procedural pain. 6 , 27 , 29 …”
Purpose
We performed this systematic review to summarize the psychometric properties of Face, Legs, Activity, Cry and Consolability (
FLACC
) scale in pediatric patients in different settings.
Methods
Two investigators independently searched PubMed, EMBASE, OVID and China National Knowledge Infrastructure (CNKI) for eligible studies through July 2021. We assessed the psychometric properties using the modified critical appraisal tool (CAT). Finally, we systematically reviewed the results of the included studies.
Results
A total of 15 studies were eventually included. The overall quality of each eligible study was low to moderate. The
FLACC
scale has been available in different versions and in different settings. Although eligible studies have demonstrated significant clinical benefit in assessing postoperative pain in pediatric patients aged 0 to 10 years from post-anesthetic care unit (PACU), pediatric intensive care unit (PICU) and inpatient unit, and in assessing procedural pain in pediatric patients aged 0.5 to 7 years from emergency unit, immunization center and PICU, mostly without test-retest analysis.
Conclusion
Although the absence of a gold standard of pain assessment, the currently available data support the usefulness of the
FLACC
from the perspective of criterion validity. Therefore, the
FLACC
scale can be considered for measuring observational pain in infants and children. However, further studies are still needed to provide more robust evidence.
“…Tamvaki's (2020) stated that this pain assessment instrument is suitable for a sample of children in Greece. 21 The FLACC scale is reliable and pain-sensitive for assessing procedural pain. 14,22 The study involves 26 physicians that performed a FLACC scale rating on 100 video segments of children aged 6 to 42 months undergoing the procedure.…”
Section: Face Leg Activity Cry Consolability (Flacc)mentioning
This study compared the scale of infant pain during vaccinated injection using conductance skin electric (Skin Conductance), the Wong-Baker Faces Scale (WBFS) instrument, and Face Leg Activity Cry and Consolability (FLACC) instruments. It was observational cohort study with pre-experimental design using vaccinated injection as pain stimuli. This study investigated 121 infants (59 boys, 62 girls), age/PNA 4.37 ± 2.97 months, and current body weight 6522 ± 1378.65 grams). Most infants had adequate birth weight 71 (89.9%) about 2985.74 ± 405.83 kg and mature infants as 67 (84.4%), about 38,52 ± 2,09 weeks. Pain measurement of all three instruments was do simultaneously using a developed Skin Conductance (SC) apparatus and video recording (to assess behaviour and face). WBFS, FLACC and SC have the same significance in measuring infants’ pain scale during vaccination injection. Statistical analysis showed a significant difference in the three pain measurement instruments between before and during injection with a p value of <0.001. So that SC can be recommended for pain measurement.
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