Validation of the Latin American‐Spanish version of the scale ‘Quality of Life in Life‐Threatening Illness–Family Caregiver Version’ (QOLLTI‐F)

Abstract

According to the report of the World Health Organization (WHO) in 2018, cancer was responsible for 9 million deaths, representing 22% of deaths caused by non-communicable diseases (NCDs), and 16% of all-cause mortality (Damasceno, 2016;McGuire, 2016). According to GLOBOCAN 2018, there were 101,893 new cancer cases in Colombia, and the prevalence of the disease was 230,726 that year (Ferlay et al., 2018). It is estimated that the number of new cancer cases will increase by 32% by 2030, despite the different policies for risk factor prevention and control that have been adopted in various countries (McGuire, 2016).

Psychometric Properties of the “Quality of Life in Life-Threatening Illness—Family Carer Version” (QOLLTI-F) in Persian-Speaking Carers of COVID-19 Patients

“…The present study used EFA, CFA, and convergent validation to confirm the construct validity using the ZBI. Regarding the number of extracted factors (3 factors) following EFA, the present study is consistent with Arias-Rojas et al’s study ( Arias-Rojas et al, 2021 ), conducted to prepare the American–Spanish version. However, the result of EFA in this study was inconsistent with the study by Schur et al (2014) to develop the German version (4 factors extracted), the study by Alnjadat et al (2014) in preparing the Malaysian version (7 factors extracted), and the study by Cohen et al (2006) to prepare the original version of the scale (7 factors extracted).…”

“…This result was in line with the results of the original version of the QOLLTI-F scale with reliability (Cronbach’s alpha = 0.86) and stability (Test-retest = 50–0.79) ( Cohen et al, 2006 ). Furthermore, the results of the present study regarding reliability were in agreement with the results of the study conducted by Schur et al (2014) to localize the German version (Cronbach’s alpha = 0.83) and stability (Test-retest = 0.92) ( Schur et al, 2014 ), the study by Alnjadat et al (2014) to localize the Malaysian version (Cronbach’s alpha ≥ 0.74), and the study by Arias-Rojas et al (2021) to localize the Latin American–Spanish version of QOLLTI-F scale (Cronbach’s alpha = 0.83) and stability (Test-retest = 0.87).…”

“…During COVID-19 pandemic, family caregivers’ quality of life was severely affected. Family caregivers provide measures associated with the symptom management, treatment, and the patient’s physical, psychological, and social care ( Arias-Rojas et al, 2021 ). Therefore, addressing caregivers’ problems is essential to provide appropriate treatment and social support to patients and ensure the continuity of care ( Karimirad et al, 2018 ).…”

“…Similar to the results of this study, the face validity of the original English version of scale was assessed by Cohen et al with a sample size equal to 30 caregivers ( Cohen et al, 2006 ). In addition, face validity was assessed in the German version ( Schur et al, 2014 ) by 30 caregivers, the Latin American–Spanish version ( Arias-Rojas et al, 2021 ) by 21 caregivers, the Swedish version ( Axelsson et al, 2020 ) by 15 patients and nine caregivers, and in the Malaysian version ( Alnjadat et al, 2014 ) by 10 caregivers, which indicated that the items were straightforward and clear after being translated.…”

“…This scale measures caregivers’ quality of life and their perception of the patient’s life-threatening and challenging condition ( Cohen et al, 2006 ). The instrument has been translated, and its psychometric properties were investigated in various cultures, including Australian ( Bradford et al, 2012 ), Swedish ( Axelsson et al, 2020 ), German ( Schur et al, 2014 ), Spanish ( Arias-Rojas et al, 2021 ), Malaysian ( Alnjadat et al, 2014 ), Indian ( Nayak et al, 2014 ), and Czech ( Bužngová et al, 2015 ). However, a Persian tool to measure family caregivers’ quality of life in Life-threatening illnesses has not been designed or psychometrically investigated.…”