Validation of therapist interventions in psychotherapy: Clarity, ambiguity, and subjectivity

Leitner, Larry M.; Guthrie, Ann

doi:10.1080/08936039308405623

Cited by 14 publications

(12 citation statements)

References 6 publications

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“…For example, Leitner and Guthrie (1993) describe a client responding to a warm, well-timed reflection of her experience by saying, "the smile in the client's voice when she felt understood could be heard" (p. 292). In contrast, the same client responded with puzzlement when the therapist attempted a rational emotive therapy intervention around an "irrational belief."…”

Section: Frequently Usementioning

confidence: 99%

Theory, technique, and person: Technical integration in experiential constructivist psychotherapy.

Leitner¹

2007

Journal of Psychotherapy Integration

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From an experiential constructivist position, the distinction between the therapist as a person, the therapist's theory of psychotherapy, and techniques used within the therapy room is, in some ways, forced and arbitrary. Principles of experiential personal construct psychotherapy are presented along with illustrations of the ways many techniques from many other schools of therapy can be used by the therapist. After exploring some of the implications of this position, I describe four specific, theoretically relevant goals within experiential personal construct psychotherapy (initially connecting with the client, developing a felt understanding of the client's experience, establishing relational intimacy, and fostering creativity). For each of these goals, I illustrate some techniques, originally developed within other theories, which can be usefully integrated into experiential personal constructivist psychotherapy.

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Section: Frequently Usementioning

confidence: 99%

Theory, technique, and person: Technical integration in experiential constructivist psychotherapy.

Leitner¹

2007

Journal of Psychotherapy Integration

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“…Building a fictional family through the use of the FBPT is a creative process for both the clients and the therapist. According to Leitner & Guthrie (1993), therapy is a creative process. The therapist and the client create the therapy and their relationship by experimenting, inventing, and evaluating the outcome of the action or experiment.…”

Section: The Family Building Projective Techniquementioning

confidence: 99%

Telling Family Stories: The Family Building Projective Technique

Tonrey¹

2007

Families in Society: The Journal of Contemporary Social Service

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Talking about family issues can be very difficult for mentally ill clients in an adult partial hospitalization program (PHP). This article presents the Family Building Projective Technique (FBPT), which has been demonstrated to be an effective therapeutic tool that assists clients in discussing emotionally charged family issues in an education group setting. FBPT creates a non-threatening environment for PHP clients to bring up family issues that might otherwise go unaddressed. This technique situates the issues within the context of a story of a fictional family created by the clients. This context allows for the exploration of challenging family issues in a time limited session and provides an opportunity to increase understanding of the impact each person has in a family system.

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“…Humanistic psychologists place great credibility on the client's lived experience. Based on this principle, Leitner and Guthrie (1993) argued that any therapeutic intervention can be seen as either affirmed or disconfirmed by client experience. An intervention is confirmed to the extent that the client experiences life as richer and more meaningful, the relationship with the therapist becomes more meaningful, the client brings new material into the therapy, and the client's level of distress changes (Leitner & Guthrie, 1993).…”

Section: Humanistic Psychology and Manualized Treatmentsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Rigorously respecting the person: The artistic science of experiential personal constructivism.

Leitner¹

2005

The Humanistic Psychologist

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This article reviews humanistic critiques of traditional diagnoses, manualized treatments, and randomized controlled trial research. Humanistic psychology must more aggressively elaborate its alternatives to these mainstream approaches if it is to realize its potential as a human science capable of transforming the field. Humanistic alternatives to these approaches are explored in general and discussed specifically within the context of experiential personal constructivism, 1 theoretical approach to humanistic psychology. However, this research agenda could be applied across many humanistic approaches to clinical psychology and, in so doing, make for an intellectually (and empirically) rigorous defense of theories that respect human experience.All appearances to the contrary, psychology, particularly clinical psychology, is in the midst of a great crisis. 1 On the one hand, researchers spend more time, money, and effort learning ever more about even less. In so doing, they celebrate theories that reductionistically assume that theories are unnecessary as they discover more facts. The field accepts theories that assume that the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders (DSM)-current version contains (or at least the DSM-infinity will contain) the truth about psychopathology, ignoring viewpoints that would suggest that psychopathology cannot be understood outside of theories of person. The profession standardizes around models of care that are based on artificial, reductionistic, often irrelevant, empirically validated treatments, disen-

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Validation of therapist interventions in psychotherapy: Clarity, ambiguity, and subjectivity

Cited by 14 publications

References 6 publications

Theory, technique, and person: Technical integration in experiential constructivist psychotherapy.

Theory, technique, and person: Technical integration in experiential constructivist psychotherapy.

Telling Family Stories: The Family Building Projective Technique

Rigorously respecting the person: The artistic science of experiential personal constructivism.

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