“…It is noteworthy that surface electromyography (sEMG) is an important technique for detecting, recording, and interpreting the electrophysiological characteristics of muscular activities (Tang et al, 2018). Meanwhile, the sEMG approach is noninvasive, safe, easy to operate, and cost-effective when compared with other methods (Naik et al, 2015;Strazzulla et al, 2016), making it widely utilized for assessing the muscular function associated with phonation activities (Pettersen et al, 2005;Van Houtte et al, 2013;Khoddami et al, 2017;Kaneko et al, 2018;Xu et al, 2018). For instance, four channels of sEMG signals recorded while the subjects were phonating a set of vowels at an increasing pitch were utilized to study the electrical activities of scalenus, sternocleidomastoideus, and upper trapezius muscles (Pettersen et al, 2005).…”