Objective: To examine the validity of the short, last 7-day, self-administered form of the International Physical Activity Questionnaire (IPAQ). Design: All subjects wore an accelerometer for seven consecutive days and completed the IPAQ questionnaire on the eighth day. Criterion validity was assessed by linear regression analysis and by modified Bland -Altman analysis. Specificity and sensitivity were calculated for classifying respondents according to the physical activity guidelines of the American College of Sports Medicine/Centers for Disease Control and Prevention. Setting: Workplaces in Uppsala, Sweden. Subjects: One hundred and eighty-five (87 males) participants, aged 20 to 69 years. Results: Total self-reported physical activity (PA) (MET-min day 21 ) was significantly correlated with average intensity of activity (counts min 21 ) from accelerometry (r ¼ 0.34, P , 0.001). Gender, age, education and body mass index did not affect this relationship. Further, subcomponents of self-reported PA (time spent sitting, time in PA, time in moderate and vigorous activity (MVPA)) were significantly correlated with objectively measured PA (P , 0.05). Self-reported time in PA was significantly different from time measured by accelerometry (mean difference: 2 25.9 min day 21 ; 95% limits of agreement: 2 172 to 120 min day 21 ; P , 0.001). IPAQ identified 77% (specificity) of those who met the current PA guidelines of accumulating more than 30 min day 21 in MVPA as determined by accelerometry, whereas only 45% (sensitivity) of those not meeting the guidelines were classified correctly. Conclusions: Our results indicate that the short, last 7-days version of the IPAQ has acceptable criterion validity for use in Swedish adults. However, the IPAQ instrument significantly overestimated self-reported time spent in PA. The specificity to correctly classify people achieving current PA guidelines was acceptable, whereas the sensitivity was low.