Validity of Dietary Assessment in Athletes: A Systematic Review

Capling, Louise; Beck, Kathryn; Gifford, Janelle; Slater, Gary; Flood, Victoria; O’Connor, Helen

doi:10.20944/preprints201710.0081.v1

Cited by 54 publications

(29 citation statements)

References 71 publications

(288 reference statements)

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“…Dietary strategies vary according to the sports modalities, personal goals and food preferences . Circumstances occurring both inside and outside the sports arena such as demanding training and travel schedules, sport‐specific factors, as well as the cultural aspects of individuals, considerable complicate the nutritional assessment and may impact its accuracy . Other factors that can also modify dietary intake include training strategies (e.g.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…In this sense, it is expected that the construction of nutrient databases to a target population provides greater reliability for the elaboration of an FFQ. Moreover, the development of a valid, efficient and cost‐effective approach to assess the dietary intake of athletes is an important research goal to achieve . Thus, the aim of this study was to develop an FFQ for Brazilian athletes.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…1 Circumstances occurring both inside and outside the sports arena such as demanding training and travel schedules, 5 sport-specific factors, as well as the cultural aspects of individuals, considerable complicate the nutritional assessment and may impact its accuracy. 6,7 Other factors that can also modify dietary intake include training strategies (e.g. periodisation, adopted across short or long periods to meet the desired body composition and maximise performance) [7][8][9] and dietary supplements (often consumed as ergogenic aids).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…6,7 Other factors that can also modify dietary intake include training strategies (e.g. periodisation, adopted across short or long periods to meet the desired body composition and maximise performance) [7][8][9] and dietary supplements (often consumed as ergogenic aids). 10,11 Consequently, the assessment of the athletes' diet remains a challenge in sports nutrition.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Moreover, the development of a valid, efficient and cost-effective approach to assess the dietary intake of athletes is an important research goal to achieve. 7 Thus, the aim of this study was to develop an FFQ for Brazilian athletes.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

See 4 more Smart Citations

Development of a Food Frequency Questionnaire for Brazilian athletes

Godois

Coelho‐Ravagnani

Raizel

et al. 2018

Nutrition & Dietetics

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

See 3 more Smart Citations

Development of a Food Frequency Questionnaire for Brazilian athletes

Godois

Coelho‐Ravagnani

Raizel

et al. 2018

Nutrition & Dietetics

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show abstract

An investigation of dietary intake, nutrition knowledge and hydration status of Gaelic Football players

et al. 2020

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Purpose To assess the dietary intake, nutrition knowledge and hydration status of Irish Gaelic footballers. Method One hundred and sixty-eight male club/county level Irish Gaelic footballers (median [IQR]; age 23 years [20.0, 27.0]; height 1.79 m [1.74, 1.84]; body mass 78.0 kg [73.5, 84.8]) participated in this cross-sectional study. Dietary intake was assessed using a 4-day semi-quantitative food record, with the application of Goldberg cut-offs to define acceptable reporters (n = 62). Nutrition knowledge was assessed using the validated Nutrition for Sport Knowledge Questionnaire in a sub-group of athletes (n = 24), while hydration status was measured using urine specific gravity pre-exercise (USG) in 142 athletes. Results Dietary analysis indicated an energy deficit at the group level (485 kcal [IQR 751,6]) (p < 0.001), with carbohydrate intakes (3.6 g/kg [IQR 3.0,4.1]) below current guidelines for athletes participating in one hour moderate intensity exercise per day (5–7 g/kg; p < 0.001). Average vitamin D (3.8 µg [IQR 1.8, 5.5]) and selenium intakes (54.2 µg [47.2, 76.7]) were significantly below the reference nutrient intakes (p < 0.001). A high proportion of individual athletes also had sub-optimal intakes for: vitamin D (95.2%), selenium (72.6%), vitamin A (38.7%), potassium (30.6%), zinc (25.8%), magnesium (19.4%) and calcium (12.9%). Nutrition knowledge was deemed poor (40.2 ± 12.4%), while pre-exercise hydration status (median USG 1.010 [IQR 1.005, 1.017]) was significantly below the cut-off to denote dehydration (1.020; p < 0.001). Conclusions Our findings suggest that Irish Gaelic footballers have sub-optimal dietary practices and lack nutrition knowledge. Individualised nutrition support may benefit these athletes to meet their nutrition requirements, to support health and performance.

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The effectiveness of nutrition education programmes on improving dietary intake in athletes: a systematic review

et al. 2020

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Nutrition education programs for athletes aim to enhance nutrition knowledge and more importantly support positive dietary change to enhance performance, health and well-being. This systematic review assessed changes in the dietary intakes of athletes in response to nutrition education programs. A search was conducted which included studies providing quantitative dietary intake assessment of athletes of any calibre aged between 12-65y in response to a nutrition education program. Standardized differences (effect sizes) were calculated (when possible) for each dietary parameter. The search yielded 6285 papers with 22 studies (974 participants (71.9% female)) eligible for inclusion. Studies described athletes competing at high school (n=3) through to college level or higher (n=19). Study designs were either single-arm with an intervention only group (12 studies; n=241) or double-arm including an intervention and control group (10 studies; n=689). No control groups received an alternative or ‘sham’ intervention. Face-to-face lectures (9/22) and individual nutrition counselling (6/22) were the most common education interventions. Non-weighed, three-day diet records (10/22) were the most frequently utilised dietary assessment method. Although 14/22 studies (n=5 single and n=9 double) reported significant change in at least one nutrition parameter, dietary changes were inconsistent. Poor study quality and heterogeneity of methods prohibits firm conclusions regarding overall intervention success or superior types of educational modalities. Of note, carbohydrate intakes ‘post-intervention’ when assessed often failed to meet recommended guidelines (12/17 studies). Given the substantial investment made in nutrition education interventions with athletes, there is a need for well-designed and rigorous research to inform future best practice.

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Validity of Dietary Assessment in Athletes: A Systematic Review

Cited by 54 publications

References 71 publications

Development of a Food Frequency Questionnaire for Brazilian athletes

Development of a Food Frequency Questionnaire for Brazilian athletes

An investigation of dietary intake, nutrition knowledge and hydration status of Gaelic Football players

The effectiveness of nutrition education programmes on improving dietary intake in athletes: a systematic review

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