Validity of the Obsessive Compulsive Drinking Scale (OCDS): Does Craving Predict Drinking Behavior?

Kranzler, Henry R.; Mulgrew, Christine L.; Modesto‐Lowe, Vania; Burleson, Joseph A.

doi:10.1111/j.1530-0277.1999.tb04030.x

Cited by 66 publications

(89 citation statements)

References 24 publications

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“…The OCDS (Anton et al, 1996;Kranzler et al, 1999) assessed obsessive thoughts about alcohol use and compulsive drinking behaviors in three domains (Roberts et al, 1999): Obsession (frequency and impact of drinking-related thoughts and drives); Interference (degree to which drinking-related thoughts interfere with adaptive functioning); and Resistance/Control Impairment (inability to resist/control drinking-related thoughts) (Cronbach's α = .78-.82).…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

The Reasons for Heavy Drinking Questionnaire: Factor Structure and Validity in Alcohol-Dependent Adults Involved in Clinical Trials

Adams

Schacht

Randall

et al. 2016

J. Stud. Alcohol Drugs

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ABSTRACT. Objective: People consume alcohol at problematic levels for many reasons. These different motivational pathways may have different biological underpinnings. Valid, brief measures that discriminate individuals' reasons for drinking could facilitate inquiry into whether varied drinking motivations account for differential response to pharmacotherapies for alcohol use disorders. The current study evaluated the factor structure and predictive validity of a brief measure of alcohol use motivations developed for use in randomized clinical trials, the Reasons for Heavy Drinking Questionnaire (RHDQ). Method: The RHDQ was administered before treatment to 265 participants (70% male) with alcohol dependence according to the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders, Fourth Edition, in three pharmacotherapy randomized clinical trials. Principal components analysis was used in half the sample to determine the RHDQ factor structure. This structure was verified with confirmatory factor analysis in the second half of the sample. The factors derived from this analysis were evaluated with respect to alcohol dependence severity indices. Results: A two-factor solution was identified. Factors were interpreted as Reinforcement and Normalizing. Reinforcement scores were weakly to moderately associated with severity, whereas normalizing scores were moderately to strongly associated with severity. In all cases in which significant associations between RHDQ scores and severity indices were observed, the relationship was significantly stronger for normalizing than for reinforcing. Conclusions: The RHDQ is a promising brief assessment of motivations for heavy alcohol use, particularly in the context of randomized clinical trials. Additional research should address factor structure stability in non-treatmentseeking individuals and the RHDQ's utility in detecting and accounting for changes in drinking behavior, including in response to intervention. (J. Stud. Alcohol Drugs, 77, 354-361, 2016)

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Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

The Reasons for Heavy Drinking Questionnaire: Factor Structure and Validity in Alcohol-Dependent Adults Involved in Clinical Trials

Adams

Schacht

Randall

et al. 2016

J. Stud. Alcohol Drugs

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“…While such results are often subject to the assessment problems discussed above, the evidence shows that desire does not have a univariate, causal relationship with related behavior. Not all consumption is related to high levels of desire, and high levels of desire do not necessarily lead to consumption (Kranzler, Mulgrew, Modesto-Lowe, & Burleson, 1999;Tiffany, 1990).…”

Section: Predictive Associationmentioning

confidence: 99%

Imaginary Relish and Exquisite Torture: The Elaborated Intrusion Theory of Desire.

Kavanagh

Andrade

May

2005

Psychological Review

784

686

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The elaborated intrusion theory of desire 2 Imaginary relish and exquisite torture: The Elaborated Intrusion Theory of desire AbstractWe argue that human desire involves conscious cognition that has strong affective connotation and is potentially involved in the determination of appetitive behavior rather than being epiphenomenal to it. Intrusive thoughts about appetitive targets are triggered automatically by external or physiological cues and by cognitive associates. . When intrusions elicit significant pleasure or relief, cognitive elaboration usually ensues. Elaboration competes with concurrent cognitive tasks through retrieval of target-related information and its retention in working memory. Sensory images are especially important products of intrusion and elaboration, since they simulate the sensory and emotional qualities of target acquisition. Desire images are momentarily rewarding, but amplify awareness of somatic and emotional deficits. Effects of desires on behavior are moderated by competing incentives, target availability and skills. The theory provides a coherent account of existing data and suggests new directions for research and treatment.A cognitive-emotional model of desire 3 The imaginary relish is so sweetThat it enchants my sense. (Shakespeare, Troilus & Cressida, Act 3, Scene 2).Here you are, innocently reading a psychology journal, and a paper suddenly mentions someone drinking a cup of excellent coffee at a sidewalk café on a sunny Sunday morning. Chances are that you immediately imagine how good it would be to have a cup yourself. Maybe you imagine the smell of the freshly ground coffee beans, the smell and taste of the coffee, perhaps even the sound of the grinder and the bubble and steam of the espresso machine. If you do not especially enjoy coffee, or have just finished a cup, this image may have little appeal. But if you would really enjoy a cup of coffee right now, the image has a pleasurable piquancy -a tantalizing enchantment that, like a tickle to your foot, moves easily to a sense of torture if the desire cannot be fulfilled. From its inception, the thought captures your attention. It has strong emotive power, and there is a sense that it triggers action. You may even feel unable to continue to read this paper until you get a cup.What are the essential elements of this subjective experience? Our impression is that they include the intrusive and often unexpected nature of the initial thought, the imagery of the coffee and of drinking it, and the pleasure and torture that image brings. Once begun, it is difficult to stop thinking about it-in fact, it is difficult to think about anything else. If the affective impact of the desire is particularly strong, its fulfilment may seem imperative, although of course it is not inevitable.In this paper, we describe an Elaborated Intrusion (EI) Theory of desires, which embodies these key aspects of the subjective phenomena as well as encompassing the wide range of related empirical evidence. As its name suggests, the theory distinguishes ...

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“…Limitations also arise from the dropout rate of approximately Soyka/Aichmüller/v Bardeleben/Beneke/ Glaser/Hornung-Knobel/Wegner 50%, which is similar to the dropout rates in pharmacological studies with anti-craving drugs in nonpsychotic alcoholics [67]. In addition, the efficacy of craving scales like the OCDS in predicting relapse in alcoholics has not been firmly established [34]. Still, the overall observed clinical effects seem remarkable, especially in the light of the treatment outcomes and compliance rates in dual diagnosis schizophrenics (cited above).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Flupenthixol in Relapse Prevention in Schizophrenics with Comorbid Alcoholism: Results from an Open Clinical Study

Soyka¹,

C²,

Bardeleben

et al. 2003

Eur Addict Res

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Substance use, especially alcoholism, has been recognized as a significant problem in schizophrenic patients, though only a few studies on the effects of pharmacotherapy in these patients have been conducted so far. The thioxanthene neuroleptic flupenthixol, which can be given intramuscularly (i.m.) for improving compliance, has been studied as a possible anti-craving drug both in animal models of alcoholism and some clinical studies. Pilot studies suggest that comorbid schizophrenics with substance use may benefit from treatment with flupenthixol. Efficacy of flupenthixol (10–60 mg i.m.) in reducing alcohol consumption of dual diagnosis patients was studied in an open 6-month clinical trial in 27 schizophrenics with comorbid alcoholism. Twenty-one patients entered the intention-to-treat analysis. Fourteen subjects were completers, 13 dropped out. Six patients completely abstained from alcohol during treatment. Alcohol consumption was significantly reduced compared to baseline (4 weeks before treatment as measured by timeline follow-back interview). In general, while patients showed a marked improvement concerning alcohol consumption, only a slight improvement in psychopathology was recorded. Overall tolerability was good. These data indicate a probable beneficial effect of flupenthixol in schizophrenic patients with comorbid alcoholism. Although the efficacy of flupenthixol as an anti-craving drug in dual diagnosis patients has to be explored in further studies, the drug may be considered a promising medication for these patients.

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Validity of the Obsessive Compulsive Drinking Scale (OCDS): Does Craving Predict Drinking Behavior?

Cited by 66 publications

References 24 publications

The Reasons for Heavy Drinking Questionnaire: Factor Structure and Validity in Alcohol-Dependent Adults Involved in Clinical Trials

The Reasons for Heavy Drinking Questionnaire: Factor Structure and Validity in Alcohol-Dependent Adults Involved in Clinical Trials

Imaginary Relish and Exquisite Torture: The Elaborated Intrusion Theory of Desire.

Flupenthixol in Relapse Prevention in Schizophrenics with Comorbid Alcoholism: Results from an Open Clinical Study

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