Valoración física, condición física y calidad de vida en pacientes con diferentes tratamientos renales sustitutivos

Abstract

ResumenLa actividad física es de vital importancia en pacientes con enfermedad renal crónica, ya que mejora la capacidad funcional de los sujetos e incrementa notablemente su calidad de vida. Para mejorar la calidad de vida en pacientes con tratamiento renal sustitutivo, dializados o trasplantados, deberían ser incluidos programas de actividad física planificados y supervisados por profesionales. Existen varios estudios sobre entrenamiento aeróbico y de fuerza en pacientes con enfermedad renal crónica en hemodiálisis pero pocos sobre la condición física relacionada con la salud en estos pacientes y escasos los referentes a condición física en trasplantados y en pacientes con diálisis peritoneal. El objetivo principal del estudio fue evaluar el nivel de actividad física, condición física y calidad de vida de enfermos renales crónicos con diferentes tratamientos sustitutivos.

The Relationship between Physical Activity Levels and Functional Capacity in Patients with Advanced Chronic Kidney Disease

“…Various studies have shown similar results. In Spain, in a small-scale study using the Yale Physical Activity Survey (YPAS) physical activity questionnaire, KDQoL questionnaire, and Senior Fitness Test (SFT) to assess six patients on HD, eight on PD, and 11 who received a RT, found no significant differences between these groups (Hernández Sánchez et al, 2015). Another study which included 21 patients on HD and 21 on PD also found no differences in their physical, mental, or HRQoL statuses based on the SF12, Barthel Scale, Lawton Brody Scale, and Yesavage Test; however, this study did conclude that there were differences in phosphorus and calcium between these groups that could perhaps be explained by the dietary restrictions of patients related to their specific RRT modalities (Barbero Narbona et al, 2016).…”

“…In addition, a Canadian study showed that there was no relationship between physical activity levels (measured using pedometers) and renal function (assessed by glomerular filtration rates), although the authors did note that patients with CKD-5D had a sedentary lifestyle (West et al, 2017). A similar study in Spain concluded that there were no differences in physical activity levels or HRQoL in patients with CKD-5D, although this cohort excluded patients aged over 70 years and only included six patients on HD and eight patients on PD (Hernández Sánchez et al, 2015). Although Spanish patients with CKD-5D tended to be older, there was only limited evidence for differences in their functional capacity based on their use of the HD or PD treatment modalities (Otero et al, 2010).…”

“…Therefore, patients with CKD-5D have a significantly decreased HRQoL compared to healthy individuals or patients who undergo renal transplantation (RT). Hence, this impaired functional capacity and deterioration in HRQoL related to renal replacement treatment (RRT) over time is of great importance in patients with CKD-5D (Barbero Narbona et al, 2016;Hernández et al, 2018;Hernández Sánchez et al, 2015;Ortega Pérez de Villar et al, 2015). Moreover, these patients tend to engage in lower levels of physical activity than their healthy counterparts (Segura-Ortí et al, 2018).…”