Valorization of discarded industrial fish processing wastes for the extraction of gelatin to use as biodegradable fish bait matrix using RSM

Karunanithi, Masilan; Neethiselvan, N.; Shakila, R. Jeya; Sivaraman, Balasubramanian; Ravikumar, T.; Nagarajan, Muralidharan; Karthy, A.; Sukumar, D.

doi:10.7717/peerj-matsci.14

Cited by 7 publications

(4 citation statements)

References 41 publications

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“…The use of SBB incorporated into novel bait formulations sped up our ability to effectively evaluate numerous formulations. Our use of SBB-laden diets required fewer replicates and less sample processing time, which offered faster quantitative results than traditional methods for testing aquafeeds (Francis et al 2001;Jobling et al 2001;Rossi and Davis 2012;Masilan et al 2021;Yu et al 2021). The use of SBB as a tracer was particularly useful for assessing consumption for a species that would not predictably feed on a pelleted diet in aquaria as well as testing baits produced in the laboratory that did not have stability in water like that found in commercially produced aquafeeds.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Quantitative Method Development to Determine Feed Consumption Using a Dye

et al. 2022

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Although there are many methods to determine ingestion and absorption of aquafeeds, none exist that are simple, cost-effective, and quantitative and that can mark fish with a long-lasting, visible indicator. In addition to aquafeed development, selective baits are needed that can be used for aquatic invasive species removal efforts, including for Grass Carp Ctenopharyngodon idella. Bait incorporated with a pesticide would allow for selective removal of targeted species. A method to quickly assess multiple bait formulations was developed to expediate development for invasive species management. Incorporation of Sudan Black B (SBB) in aquafeeds at concentrations greater than 75 and 120 mg SBB/kg fish resulted in pigmented external soft tissues of Largemouth Bass Micropterus salmoides and Rainbow Trout Oncorhynchus mykiss, respectively, 24 h after consumption. Visual confirmation of consumption was detectable in the gastrointestinal tract at all concentrations tested (≥10 mg SBB/kg) and quantifiable by absorbance measured at 601 nm from extracted SBB in tissues at concentrations less than those required for visual pigmentation. Although SBB was detectable in multiple tissues, fin and mandible tissues yielded the greatest accuracy in estimating consumption from extracted SBB. Compared with other tissues tested, liver tissue accumulated the highest level of SBB but had the greatest variability, while muscle tissue accumulated little detectable SBB. We used the SBB analytical method to compare consumption of six novel baits that were in the initial developmental stages to produce a palatable bait formulation designed to attract Grass Carp for management control. Overwhelming preference of a rapeseed bait formulation was confirmed using SBB as a tracer of consumption in the laboratory; however, use of SBB under natural conditions may be valuable for answering additional questions. Baits incorporated with SBB allowed for the rapid, simultaneous assessment of multiple formulations and could allow for future refinement of management baits, with results available as quickly as 24-72 h after application.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Quantitative Method Development to Determine Feed Consumption Using a Dye

et al. 2022

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“…Fish As made from different fish body parts, fish gelatin has physicochemical properties that vary. Fish scale gelatin (FSG) was found by Masilan et al (2021) [24] to have a greater melting point (27.3 °C), higher gel strength (1.98 N), and a higher yield (16.82%) than gelatin made from the head, skin, and fins of Lethirinus spp. Despite FSG having good physicochemical properties, only a few attempts have been to make use of them for its value addition and their properties (Masilan et al, 2021, Masilan et al, 2022a [24,[25][26] .…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Fish scale gelatin (FSG) was found by Masilan et al (2021) [24] to have a greater melting point (27.3 °C), higher gel strength (1.98 N), and a higher yield (16.82%) than gelatin made from the head, skin, and fins of Lethirinus spp. Despite FSG having good physicochemical properties, only a few attempts have been to make use of them for its value addition and their properties (Masilan et al, 2021, Masilan et al, 2022a [24,[25][26] . A hydrogel-based fish bait appropriate for long line fishing was developed taking into account the superior functional and mechanical features of FSG.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Physical properties and storage stability of fish scale gelatin based hydrogel under refrigerated conditions

Masilan,

Neethiselvan,

Karthy

et al. 2024

Int. J. Adv. Biochem. Res.

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In this study, gelatin based hydrogels are prepared using fish scale discarded as waste by the fish processing plant. The physical quality and storage stability of the gel in refrigerated conditions were studied. In order to enhance their storage quality and safety, gels are prepared with the addition of permitted antifungal agent, sodium benzoate at three different concentrations viz 0.1%, 0.5% and 1%, and subsequently stored in refrigerated and room conditions. During storage, the parameters deciding physical quality of the gels such as weight loss, moisture loss, rate of shrinkage were found affected invariably in all the gels with different diameter i.e. 10 mm, 15mm and 20 mm Ø. However, the effects were highly pronounced in gel with 20 mm thickness Ø. During one month storage, about 20-24% weight loss was observed in 10 mm Ø and 15mm Ø. The result indicated that the type of storage influenced the growth of fungi. Addition of antifungal agent had significantly reduced the fungal growth and the gel treated with 1% sodium benzoate had much lower counts. This study helped as to prepare hydrogel utilizing fish scale that can be held safe at room temperature without any quality defect.

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“…For example, fish contain high amounts of PUFAs, ranging from 24% to 65% of total lipid, which includes substantial amounts of eicosapentaenoic acid (EPA), docosapentaenoic acid (DPA), and docosahexaenoic acid (DHA) [ 2 ]. About 70% of the fish harvested from the World’s oceans and from aquacultures is processed into various forms of products, such as dried, canned, and frozen, and is mainly focused on the fish muscle [ 3 , 4 ]. Fish processing generates substantial amounts of co-products, such as fish frame, trimmings, head, skin, scales, roe (gonad), and viscera [ 4 ] that are typically used either as fish meal, biofertilizer, for the production of oil, or are discarded.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Effect of Pulsed Electric Fields on the Lipidomic Profile of Lipid Extracted from Hoki Fish Male Gonad

Burnett

Ahmmed

Carne

et al. 2022

Foods

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Processing of hoki, a commercially important fish species, generates substantial quantities of co-products, including male gonad, which contains valuable lipids, such as phospholipids, that could be recovered and utilised. Hoki fish male gonads (HMG) were subjected to pulsed electric fields (PEF) treatment at varying field strengths (0.625, 1.25, and 1.875 kV/cm) and frequencies (25, 50, and 100 Hz), at a fixed pulse width of 20 μs. The total lipid was extracted using an ethanol-hexane-based (ETHEX) extraction method, and the phospholipid and fatty acid compositions were determined using 31P NMR and GC-FID, respectively. The total lipid yield was increased from 4.1% to 6.7% by a relatively mild PEF pre-treatment at a field strength of 1.25 kV/cm and frequency of 50 Hz. A higher amount of EPA (8.2%), DPA (2.7%), and DHA (35.7%) were obtained by that treatment, compared to both un-heated (EPA: 8%; DPA: 2.5%; DHA: 35.2%) and heat-treated controls (EPA: 7.9%; DPA: 2.5%; DHA: 34%). No significant changes to the content of the major phospholipids were observed. PEF pre-treatment under mild conditions has potential for improving the total lipid yield extracted from fish male gonad.

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Valorization of discarded industrial fish processing wastes for the extraction of gelatin to use as biodegradable fish bait matrix using RSM

Cited by 7 publications

References 41 publications

Quantitative Method Development to Determine Feed Consumption Using a Dye

Quantitative Method Development to Determine Feed Consumption Using a Dye

Physical properties and storage stability of fish scale gelatin based hydrogel under refrigerated conditions

Effect of Pulsed Electric Fields on the Lipidomic Profile of Lipid Extracted from Hoki Fish Male Gonad

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