Valorization of waste rice husk by preparing nanocomposite with polyvinyl chloride and montmorillonite clay

Dutta, Nipu

doi:10.1177/0892705719854495

Cited by 9 publications

(11 citation statements)

References 35 publications

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“…Ammonium polyphosphate (APP) [ 72 ] helped to increase the maximum degradation temperature, due to the formation of phosphorus and charred layers that shielded the PP matrix from further degradation. The addition of clay [ 69 , 75 , 76 ] thermally stabilized the RH composites, because the exfoliation of clay can delay the decomposition process of composites. The silicate layers of clay produced a twisted path for the diffusion of volatiles, which in turn improved the thermal stability of the composite.…”

Section: Thermal Properties Of Rh Compositesmentioning

confidence: 99%

Recent Progress of Rice Husk Reinforced Polymer Composites: A Review

et al. 2021

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Recently, because of the rising population, carbon overloading, and environmental distress, human beings have needed to increase awareness and responsibility for the reduction of agricultural waste. The utilization of agricultural waste as a filler material in reinforced polymers is a fascinating discovery. This review paper attempts to study the physical, mechanical, and thermal behavior of rice husk (RH) as a fiber for reinforcing various synthetic polymers, based on recent studies, conducted between 2017 and 2021. It also highlights that advanced modification techniques could further improve the performance of composites by tailoring the physical and chemical substances of the fiber or matrix. The thermal properties, including flame-retardance and thermal behavior, are also discussed. The characteristics of the fiber–matrix interaction between RH and the polymer matrix provide essential insights into the future-ready applications of this agricultural waste fiber. The way forward in researching RH polymer composites is finally reviewed.

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Section: Thermal Properties Of Rh Compositesmentioning

confidence: 99%

Recent Progress of Rice Husk Reinforced Polymer Composites: A Review

et al. 2021

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“…This work also shows that the increase in the storage modulus depends on the extent of the dispersion of the CGFS powder particles in the PVC matrix [53,54]. The loss modulus represents the viscous behavior of the composite material [9]. The loss modulus of the composite material first increases and then decreases with increasing temperature.…”

Section: Thermal Stabilitymentioning

confidence: 58%

“…The most common method for modifying PVC is via physical modification; in this technique, inorganic fillers are added to improve the mechanical and thermal performance of the polymer. Currently, inorganic fillers, such as glass microspheres, calcium carbonate, talcum powder, waste rubber powder, and wood fiber, are used [5][6][7][8][9]. Although these fillers can result in materials of superior performance, the improvement typically affects only a single property of the composite, and the production cost of such materials is high.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Mechanical activation of coal gasification fine slag and mechanical and thermal properties of coal gasification fine slag–poly(vinyl chloride) composites

Li,

Teng,

Wang

et al. 2023

Mater. Res. Express

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To facilitate the high-value utilization of activate coal gasification fine slag (CGFS), a wet mechanical activation process was used. As a result of this treatment, CGFS samples with different particle size distributions were obtained. The effects of mechanical activation on various physical and chemical properties of CGFS were investigated, including its particle size distribution, mineral composition, specific surface area, pore size, crystallinity, particle morphology, chemical bonding, and binding energy. Poly(vinyl chloride) (PVC)/CGFS composites were prepared via a melt blending process, and their mechanical and thermal properties were evaluated. It was found that with increasing levels of mechanical activation, the CGFS particle size distribution became more concentrated and the particle spacing became more uniform. With the increasing mechanical activation, the crystallinity was found to decrease and the content of amorphous mineral matter (such as SiO2 and Al2O3) increased. The observed increase in specific surface area and decrease in average pore diameter due to the mechanical activation was seen to lead to an increase in the number of active sites. The produced PVC/CGFS composite materials were found to exhibit good mechanical properties and dynamic thermal stability. The thermal stability of the PVC composites was also found to improve relative to the composites produced without the use of mechanical activation.

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“…The increase in both values could be due to a small amount of CGFS uniformly dispersed in the polymer matrix and the strong interaction between PVC and CGFS. 22 In turn, excessive CGFS particles could have agglomerated and accumulated in the PVC matrix, causing them to be unevenly dispersed, resulting in a decrease in tensile strength and tensile modulus. Figure 3(b) shows that a small amount of CGFS filler (10 phr) can increase the elongation at break of the composites by 31% compared to the pure PVC material.…”

Section: Mechanical Propertiesmentioning

confidence: 99%

Kinetic study of mechanical and thermal properties and thermal degradation of PVC composites based on coal gasification fine slag

Teng

Chen

et al. 2023

Journal of Thermoplastic Composite Materials

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Coal gasification fine slag (CGFS) is a by-product of gasification process of gasification beds that pollutes the environment. To make the utilization of CGF more efficient, poly (vinyl chloride) (PVC)/CGFS composites were prepared via a melt blending process, and their mechanical and thermal properties were investigated. In order to dig deeper into the decomposition mechanism, the thermal degradation kinetics were systematically analyzed by drawing non-isothermal heat maps based on the Flynn-Wall-Ozawa, Friedman, and Kissinger model-free methods. According to the results, the properties of all tests vary significantly with CGFS content. In particular, at a the CGFS content of 20 phr, the tensile strength (tensile modulus) and flexural strength (flexural modulus) of CGFS-20 were 13.5% (47.8%) and 13.9% (41.6%) higher, respectively, than those of conventional CGFS-0 composites. However, the impact strength decreases with the increase of CGFS content. At the same time, the addition of CGFS suppresses the mass conversion rate and improves the thermal stability of PVC composites at high temperature, and the final residual mass reaches 31%, which is 12.7% higher than that of pure PVC. The kinetic analysis of thermal decomposition shows that CGFS promotes the initial degradation of the composites reduces the activation energy of the reaction, and at the same time endows them with higher thermal stability in the high-temperature phase.

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Valorization of waste rice husk by preparing nanocomposite with polyvinyl chloride and montmorillonite clay

Cited by 9 publications

References 35 publications

Recent Progress of Rice Husk Reinforced Polymer Composites: A Review

Recent Progress of Rice Husk Reinforced Polymer Composites: A Review

Mechanical activation of coal gasification fine slag and mechanical and thermal properties of coal gasification fine slag–poly(vinyl chloride) composites

Kinetic study of mechanical and thermal properties and thermal degradation of PVC composites based on coal gasification fine slag

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