[Value of immunization data analysis at the district level]

Ms, Soltani; Belghith, Z; Gacem, H; Bchir, A.

doi:10.26719/1999.5.3.565

Cited by 4 publications

(3 citation statements)

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“…A total of 4 shortlisted studies observed the effects of vaccine delivery-oriented interventions, which are usually statesponsored and done at a large scale. Out of these studies, one study was a reflex comparison (Bonu, 2003), one study was a retrospective observational study (Goel, 2012), one study was a secondary analysis (Hong, 2005), while one study was a mixed method evaluation study (Sengupta, 2017). The interventions included National Immunization Days (NIDs) (Bonu, 2003), multi-intervention government Immunization campaigns (Goel, 2012; Hong,2005 ), and vaccination outreach programs (Sengupta, 2017).…”

Section: Figure 2 (A): Forest Plot Of Comparison Odds Ratio (95% CI I...mentioning

confidence: 99%

Increasing Vaccine Uptake Interventions: Lessons Learnt from South Asia

Kashif,

Rahman,

Anjum

et al. 2024

JSPARK

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Background: Vaccinations are arguably the most effective tool for preventing infectious diseases and reducing mortality. Pakistan reports some of the highest numbers in the world for unvaccinated children. The low vaccine uptake is attributable to numerous factors, such as illiteracy, vaccine hesitancy, and lack of resources. Given these challenges, effective policymaking is crucial for improving uptake and reducing childhood mortality. This study aims to review the data on vaccine uptake interventions in South Asia and provide insight into their effectiveness and impactfulness in guiding future endeavors in the country. Objective: To assess various vaccine uptake interventions aimed at Pakistani and other South Asian communities. To compare their effects in terms of increased vaccine awareness and coverage and decrease in disease prevalence, especially of communicable diseases. Methodology: The study systematically assessed literature related to vaccine uptake interventions using the PubMed and Google Scholar electronic databases. Articles were systematically screened and checked for eligibility according to PRISMA guidelines. They were assessed for quality and risk of bias, and finally added to the review. Statistical analysis was performed for available data, odds ratio and % increase in outcome were calculated for interventions, and forest plot was plotted where possible. P-values were calculated to check for significance, and heterogeneity was assessed using chi-square, tau, and I² tests. Results: The search yielded a total of 434 results, and after screening and eligibility check, 14 remaining studies were included in the review. Interventions were classified as either educational, vaccine delivery based, incentive based, and reminder based interventions. 8 studies reported educational interventions. The highest vaccine coverage odds were reported for DPT-3 coverage (Andersson, 2009) as a result of Focused Group Discussion Intervention (OD 95% CI = 3.46 [2.62, 4.58] p<0.0001) and BCG vaccine (Anjum, 2004) with House-to-House health messages (OD 95% CI = 3.10 [1.55, 6.19, p<0.001), with more than three times odds of vaccination as compared to no intervention (Control). There were 4 studies in the Delivery-based intervention group and two each in incentive and reminder groups. Upon comparison, multifaceted interventions targeted at vaccine awareness and delivery show the greatest odds of increasing vaccine coverage. Conclusions: The current systematic review includes the first quantitative analysis of vaccine uptake interventions specific to the South-Asian population. The significance of multifaceted interventions targeting vaccine literacy and delivery is evident from the results and should be considered during state-level decision-making. Further research with better resources and broader scope should be conducted to gather critical evidence on the topic.

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Section: Figure 2 (A): Forest Plot Of Comparison Odds Ratio (95% CI I...mentioning

confidence: 99%

Increasing Vaccine Uptake Interventions: Lessons Learnt from South Asia

Kashif,

Rahman,

Anjum

et al. 2024

JSPARK

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

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“…According to the Millennium Development Goal fully immunized children from age twelve months to twenty-three months in year 2001-02 was 53%, which reached to 80% in 2011-12 against the target of 90% fully immunized children. 8 Measles I coverage is also not reaching to the set target. This gap in immunization has led to increase under five mortality rates and infant mortality rates.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Year 2001-02 reported 57% coverage of measles I in under one year children and has increase to 81% in 2011-12 against target of 90% as mentioned in millennium development goals. 8,9 Financial Situation analysis: In Pakistan, since year 2000, the massive change is seen in the pattern of expenditure on immunization both routine and campaigns to meet the goals. After the 18th amendment the decision-making power for the finance has been change and more power shifted towards the province from the federal ministry.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Trends of expenditure on Immunization in Pakistan since 2000.

Hanna Khair Tunio,

Aftab Ahmed,

Faiqa Memon

et al. 2021

j Muhammad Med Coll

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World health organization started Expanded Program on Immunization in 1974. At that time only 5% of the children were covered globally in the first year on pro-gram. In Pakistan 16.34% of the total population is under five years’ children. In 2000 Global Alliance for Vaccines and Immunizations (GAVI) was introduced in Paki-stan. Since 2000 by the finance and HR support from GAVI, additional 370 million children have been vaccinated from deadly disease. It has been noticed that the expenditure on immunization remained inconsistent over the time period. Since 2000 the massive change is seen in the pattern of expenditure on immunization both routine and campaigns to meet the goals. In Pakistan, expenditure on immun-ization has reached to $240 million annually but still the fully immunized children are between 43-62% of all the under-five population of the country. Immunization services needed to be on time and efficiently provided to the communities. The growth in fiscal gap and need for expenditure competition in financing, has subju-gated policymaking. There is a need for reviewing the current policies for budgeting immunization program and needful risk assessment will support future financial crisis.Key Words: Immunization, Global Alliance for Vaccines and Immunization,Extended Program of Immunization,

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Antitumor immunity of human SART3 gene vaccine against mouse tumor in vitro/vivo

Yang

Liu

et al. 2008

Front. Med. China

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To determine whether squamous cell carcinoma antigen recognized by human T cell 3 (SART3) gene can induce antitumor immunity against tumor cells which express the gene, we constructed mouse tumor cells expressing human SART3 (LM8-SART3) and carried out experiments in vitro/vivo. After subcutaneous injection with SART3 gene vaccine, cytotoxic T lymphocyte (CTL) activity in vitro was measured using Cell Counting Kit-8. As for the in vivo part, C3H mice were divided into several groups. One group was challenged with tumor cells after immunity. Another group was treated with the vaccine after tumor implantation. It was found that human SART3 DNA vaccine can elicit a specific CTL reaction from the mouse splenocytes. After vaccination, tumor occurrence and tumor growth speed was reduced. The vaccine also shows activity in tumor treatment. We conclude that the human SART3 DNA vaccine can induce antitumor ability against tumor cells expressing human SART3 (LM8-SART3) in vitro/vivo which may provide new possibilities in antitumor therapy.

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[Value of immunization data analysis at the district level]

Cited by 4 publications

References 0 publications

Increasing Vaccine Uptake Interventions: Lessons Learnt from South Asia

Increasing Vaccine Uptake Interventions: Lessons Learnt from South Asia

Trends of expenditure on Immunization in Pakistan since 2000.

Antitumor immunity of human SART3 gene vaccine against mouse tumor in vitro/vivo

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