Value of screening for gonorrhoea in obstetrics and gynaecology.

Unsuspected gonococcal infection in female patients.

“…Eriksson and Wanger (1975), Waters and Roulston (1969), and Pariser and Marino (1970) reported asymptomatic gonococcal infection in 35 3%, 8712%, and 90% of patients respectively. Generally, higher rates of infection have been reported from North American clinics (Charles et al, 1970;Prince et al, 1964;Waters and Roulston, 1969) than in Britain (Thin and Michael, 1970;Silverstone et al, 1974).…”

“…Numerous factors have been blamed for this rise, including the asymptomatic carrier state in both sexes. Women without symptoms outnumber the men to a large extent (Pariser and Marino, 1970), and they constitute a reservoir of undiagnosed gonorrhoea in the community (Dunlop, 1963;Pariser, 1972;Silverstone et al, 1974;Evans, 1976).…”

“…Female populations have been sampled by several workers throughout the world, and widely varying numbers of cases of gonorrhoea have been reported (Waters and Roulston, 1969;Charles et al, 1970;Thin and Michael, 1970;and Silverstone et al, 1974).…”

A theory of the epidemiology of gonorrhoea.

“…In particular, it will be possible to postulate a low rate of prevalence. The available evidence suggests that the prevalence in England is less than 1 % (Silverstone et al, 1974).…”

Gonococcal salpingitis in gynaecology--myth or missed?

“…In obstetric patients, Thin and Michael (1970) found none (out of 56 patients); Rees and Hamlett (1972) 0-6 per cent. (2 out of 319); Cassie and Stevenson (1973) 0-2 per cent. (2 out of 1,000); Silverstone, Snodgrass, and Wigfield (1974) none (out of 311); Sparks, Williams, Boyce, Fitzgerald, and Shelley (1975) 0-16 per cent. (1 out of 625). In gynaecology patients, Driscoll, McCoy, Nicol, and Barrow (1970) found 2-9 per cent (1 out of 34); Hughes and Davies (1971) 0 3 per cent.…”