Values and Shortcomings of Small Reserves

Shafer, Craig L.

doi:10.2307/1312609

Cited by 152 publications

(92 citation statements)

References 31 publications

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“…These trends in land use mean that some vegetation communities are often 'missing' or poorly represented in reserve systems, whereas others are proportionately over-represented. For depleted communities, small fragments in developed landscapes are particularly important because often they are the only remaining examples of the vegetation, and they may be repositories of rare plants and animals (McDowell et al 1991;Prober and Thiele 1993;Shafer 1995).…”

Section: Composition Of Habitatsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Linkages in the landscape : the role of corridors and connectivity in wildlife conservation

Bennett¹

2003

566

469

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Linkages in the Landscape IUCN'S FOREST CONSERVATION PROGRAMMEIUCN's Forest Conservation Programme coordinates and supports the activities of the IUCN Secretariat and members working with forest ecosystems. The goal of forest conservation is achieved through promoting protection, restoration and sustainable use of forest resources, so that forests provide the full potential range of goods and services.The programme makes contributions to policy at various levels and uses field projects to derive lessons to feed into the policy debate. The principles of Caring for the Earth, published jointly by IUCN, WWF and UNEP in 1991, are applied to these projects, which combine the needs of conservation and those of local communities. One major activity is to develop coherent and informed policies on forest conservation in order to advocate the translation of policies into effective actions. IUCN frequently advises major development institutions on forest issues, to ensure that conservation priorities are adequately addressed in their projects and programmes. The Forest Conservation Programme receives generous financial support from the Government of the Netherlands. The IUCN Forest Conservation Programme Linkages in the Landscape The Role of Corridors and Connectivity in Wildlife Conservation Andrew F. BennettSchool of Ecology and Environment Deakin University -Melbourne Campus, Burwood, Victoria 3125, Australia IUCN -The World Conservation Union 2003The designation of geographical entities in this book, and the presentation of the material, do not imply the expression of any opinion whatsoever on the part of IUCN or Environment Australia concerning the legal status of any country, territory, or area, or of its authorities, or concerning the delimitation of its frontiers or boundaries. The views expressed in this publication do not necessarily reflect those of IUCN or Environment Australia. This publication has been made possible in part by funding from Environment Australia. Reproduction of this publication for educational or other non-commercial purposes is authorized without prior written permission from the copyright holder provided the source is fully acknowledged.Reproduction of this publication for resale or other commercial purposes is prohibited without prior written permission of the copyright holder.Citation: Bennett, A.F. (1998Bennett, A.F. ( , 2003 When this volume was produced four years ago the title was prescient indeed -as the Vth World Parks Congress has selected more or less the same title for its first workshop stream ("more or less" because the workshop title is "Linkages in the landscape/seascape)". In fact, we are better thinking of the term "earthscape", which can be defined as a group of interconnected ecological systems. Earthscape also avoids the linguistic complications of trying to translate landscape into the common parlance of European, let alone global languages.The Secretariat of the linkages stream for the Vth World Parks Congress, together with the IUCN Commission on Ecosystem Management,...

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Section: Composition Of Habitatsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Linkages in the landscape : the role of corridors and connectivity in wildlife conservation

Bennett¹

2003

566

469

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“…The current density and distribution of large trees may be a result of historically low browser densities or a low frequency of fire prior to establishment of the protected area Getz 2005, Shackleton and, sporadic recruitment of trees (Young andLindsay 1988, Sankaran et al 2005), or most likely a combination of factors, both spatial and temporal (Scholes and Archer 1997). In smaller protected areas subjected to fluctuating environmental conditions, fine scale management to prevent extirpation of species from the area is necessary (Shafer 1995, Turner 1996. Understanding the factors effecting the distribution and abundance of large trees within protected areas allows managers to plan actions such as burns, and the manipulation of the densities of large mammals by culling or altering water point distribution, to increase the likelihood of the establishment and survival of large tree species (Bond et al 2001, Sankaran et al 2008).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Using Maximum Entropy modeling to predict the potential distributions of large trees for conservation planning

et al. 2012

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Citation: Smith, A., B. Page, K. Duffy, and R. Slotow. 2012. Using Maximum Entropy modeling to predict the potential distributions of large trees for conservation planning. Ecosphere 3(6):56. http://dx.doi.org/10.1890/ES12-00053.1Abstract. Large trees, as keystone structures, are functionally important in savanna ecosystems, and low recruitment and slow growth makes their conservation important. Understanding factors influencing their distribution is essential for mitigation of excessive mortality, for example from management fires or large herbivores. We recorded the locations of large trees in Hluhluwe-Imfolozi Park (HiP) using GPS to record trees along 43 km of 10 m-wide transects. Maximum entropy modeling (MaxEnt) uses niche modeling to predict the distribution of a species from the probability of finding it within raster squares, based on environmental variables and recorded locations. MaxEnt is typically applied at a regional spatial scale, and here we assessed its usefulness when predicting the distribution of species at a small (local) scale. HiP has variable topography, heterogeneous soils, and a strong rainfall gradient, resulting in a wide variety of habitat types. We used locations of 179 Acacia nigrescens and 106 Sclerocarya birrea (large trees ! 5m), and raster environmental layers for: aspect, elevation, geology, annual rainfall, slope, soil and vegetation. A. nigrescens was largely restricted to the Imfolozi section, while S. birrea had a wider distribution across the reserve. Understanding the interaction of environmental variables dictating tree distribution may facilitate habitat restoration, and will assist planning decisions for persistence of large trees within reserves, including options to reduce fire frequency or herbivore impacts. Though the AUC (Area Under the Curve) values used to test model predictions were high for both species, the ground truthing test data showed that distribution for A. nigrescens was more accurate than that for S. birrea, highlighting the need for independent test data to assess model accuracy. We emphasize that MaxEnt can be used at finer spatial scales than those typically used for species occurrence, but models must be tested using spatially independent test data.

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“…Therefore, it should be clear to all potential users of this information that delineation of the SEF focuses on the larger areas of ecological significance and the opportunities for connectivity between these areas. However, isolated sites can also contain critical elements of biodiversity or have other ecological significance that should be considered in other conservation planning projects Shafer 1995). As stated in the results section, the PEA and SEA data layers do identify some smaller areas of significance and therefore these data layers should be assessed for their utility in conservation planning efforts at smaller scales.…”

Section: F Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Thinking Big: A Conservation Vision for the Southeastern Coastal Plain of North America

Keddy¹

2009

Southeastern Naturalist

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Values and Shortcomings of Small Reserves

Cited by 152 publications

References 31 publications

Linkages in the landscape : the role of corridors and connectivity in wildlife conservation

Linkages in the landscape : the role of corridors and connectivity in wildlife conservation

Using Maximum Entropy modeling to predict the potential distributions of large trees for conservation planning

Thinking Big: A Conservation Vision for the Southeastern Coastal Plain of North America

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