Objective: To examine the association between 24 h urinary water-soluble vitamin levels and their intakes in free-living Japanese schoolchildren. Design: All foods consumed for four consecutive days were recorded accurately by a weighed food record. A single 24 h urine sample was collected on the fourth day, and the urinary levels of water-soluble vitamins were measured. Setting: An elementary school in Inazawa City, Japan. Subjects: A total of 114 healthy, free-living, Japanese elementary-school children aged 10-12 years. Results: The urinary level of each water-soluble vitamin was correlated positively to its mean intake in the past 2-4 d (vitamin B 1 : r 5 0?42, P , 0?001; vitamin B 2 : r 5 0?43, P , 0?001; vitamin B 6 : r 5 0?49, P , 0?001; niacin: r 5 0?32, P , 0?001; niacin equivalents: r 5 0?32, P , 0?001; pantothenic acid: r 5 0?32, P , 0?001; folic acid: r 5 0?27, P , 0?01; vitamin C: r 5 0?39, P , 0.001), except for vitamin B 12 (r 5 0?10, P 5 NS). Estimated mean intakes of water-soluble vitamins calculated using urinary levels and recovery rates were 97-102 % of their 3 d mean intake, except for vitamin B 12 (79 %).
Conclusions:The results show that urinary levels of water-soluble vitamins, except for vitamin B 12 , reflected their recent intakes in free-living Japanese schoolchildren and could be used as a potential biomarker to estimate mean vitamin intake.