Valve Regulated Lead Acid Battery Evaluation under Peak Shaving and Frequency Regulation Duty Cycles

Shamim, Nimat; Viswanathan, Vilayanur V.; Thomsen, Edwin C.; Li, Guosheng; Reed, David

doi:10.3390/en15093389

Cited by 9 publications

(3 citation statements)

References 39 publications

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“…Here, it catalyzes the evolution of hydrogen, which lowers charging efciency and raises self-discharge activity [239]. Calcium has been suggested as an alternative to antimony, which results in less gas evolution and self-discharge rates [240].…”

Section: Self-discharge Of Battery Storage Systemsmentioning

confidence: 99%

A Review on the Recent Advances in Battery Development and Energy Storage Technologies

Njema,

Ouma,

Kibet

2024

Journal of Renewable Energy

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Energy storage is a more sustainable choice to meet net-zero carbon foot print and decarbonization of the environment in the pursuit of an energy independent future, green energy transition, and uptake. The journey to reduced greenhouse gas emissions, increased grid stability and reliability, and improved green energy access and security are the result of innovation in energy storage systems. Renewable energy sources are fundamentally intermittent, which means they rely on the availability of natural resources like the sun and wind rather than continuously producing energy. Due to its ability to address the inherent intermittency of renewable energy sources, manage peak demand, enhance grid stability and reliability, and make it possible to integrate small-scale renewable energy systems into the grid, energy storage is essential for the continued development of renewable energy sources and the decentralization of energy generation. Accordingly, the development of an effective energy storage system has been prompted by the demand for unlimited supply of energy, primarily through harnessing of solar, chemical, and mechanical energy. Nonetheless, in order to achieve green energy transition and mitigate climate risks resulting from the use of fossil-based fuels, robust energy storage systems are necessary. Herein, the need for better, more effective energy storage devices such as batteries, supercapacitors, and bio-batteries is critically reviewed. Due to their low maintenance needs, supercapacitors are the devices of choice for energy storage in renewable energy producing facilities, most notably in harnessing wind energy. Moreover, supercapacitors possess robust charging and discharging cycles, high power density, low maintenance requirements, extended lifespan, and are environmentally friendly. On the other hand, combining aluminum with nonaqueous charge storage materials such as conductive polymers to make use of each material’s unique capabilities could be crucial for continued development of robust storage batteries. In general, energy density is a key component in battery development, and scientists are constantly developing new methods and technologies to make existing batteries more energy proficient and safe. This will make it possible to design energy storage devices that are more powerful and lighter for a range of applications. When there is an imbalance between supply and demand, energy storage systems (ESS) offer a way of increasing the effectiveness of electrical systems. They also play a central role in enhancing the reliability and excellence of electrical networks that can also be deployed in off-grid localities.

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Section: Self-discharge Of Battery Storage Systemsmentioning

confidence: 99%

A Review on the Recent Advances in Battery Development and Energy Storage Technologies

Njema,

Ouma,

Kibet

2024

Journal of Renewable Energy

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“…This sulphur can be removed by applying high frequency current pulse on the battery. This method can remove placed sulphur from plate and improves chemical reaction in battery with enhance of battery life (16) .…”

Section: A Pulse Modementioning

confidence: 99%

Development and Performance Examination of Switch Mode Power Supply based Battery Charger for Electric Vehicle.

Jagtap¹,

Desai²,

Holmukhe³

2022

IJST

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Objectives: The study's primary goal is to investigate a Switch Mode Power Supply (SMPS)-based battery charger for electric vehicles (EV) and compare the use of various charging techniques. Methods: This study provides ideas for the requirements of an SMPS-based battery charger; design and development of the charger; and operation of the charger with different charging techniques. Further, the development of the proposed charger, its testing and performance examination are carried out. This study also gives details about circuit components; circuit selection criteria of an SMPS-based battery charger; charging methods; and technical specifications of the charger. Verification and testing of the proposed charger is also done with the help of a 24 V battery. Findings: It is found that the proposed battery charger can be more advantageous than conventional battery chargers in a variety of ways, including improved efficiency (nearly 88%), light weight, better protection (reverse battery connection, short circuit, overload), and reliable operation (no need to monitor, automatic cut off, and so on). Novelty: Work was done for the development of an SMPS-based battery charger to eliminate existing issues as mentioned in the findings with traditional charger systems. The proposed charger helps to eliminate the sulfation effect on lead acid batteries to improve battery life (50-100 cycles). It helps to not only promote the "Made in India" scheme but also mass adoption of electric vehicles.

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“…This process affects the number of life cycles and electrical capacity of Pb batteries. In order to reduce the corrosion of Pb electrodes, an alloy of lead and antimony is often used in the production process of this type of battery [14][15][16][17]. In order to extend the service life of lead batteries and reduce the corrosion of Pb grid-shaped electrodes, it is very important to monitor the electrolyte level in the batteries, which should be sufficient.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Renewal of Lead Battery Electrodes Using a Plasma—Chemical Processing Method

et al. 2023

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The increasing use of renewable energy sources increases the need for electricity storage systems. In this work, the possibility of renewing worn-out battery Pb electrodes by applying Ar and O2 gas plasma in a magnetron vacuum system was investigated. As shown by the SEM results of the surface of Pb electrodes, after exposure to O2 plasma, the surface of Pb electrodes consists of irregularly shaped microstructures. Analyzing the XRD results revealed that the spectrum peaks of the Pb4O3SO4 compound are more pronounced in the case of the electrodes of the worn battery than those electrodes that were exposed to Ar and O2 gas plasma. It was observed that the process of renewing Pb electrodes in Ar and O2 plasma has a positive effect. This effect is also confirmed by the results of EDS studies, as the chemical compounds that inhibit the charge/discharge process are reduced, and the percentage of pure lead increases from 68.2% (in the case of worn electrodes) to 81–82% (when the worn electrodes were processed using Ar and O2 plasma).

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Valve Regulated Lead Acid Battery Evaluation under Peak Shaving and Frequency Regulation Duty Cycles

Cited by 9 publications

References 39 publications

A Review on the Recent Advances in Battery Development and Energy Storage Technologies

A Review on the Recent Advances in Battery Development and Energy Storage Technologies

Development and Performance Examination of Switch Mode Power Supply based Battery Charger for Electric Vehicle.

Renewal of Lead Battery Electrodes Using a Plasma—Chemical Processing Method

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