Vanadium stimulates mitochondrial ROS production in different ways

Functional and Morphological Olfactory Bulb Modifications in Mice after Vanadium Inhalation

“…Necrosis observed in granule cells could be attributed to hydrogen peroxide and hydroxyl radical generated by vanadium that induced transient hyperpolarization of the mitochondrial membrane potential, ROS generation from complexes I and II (Cuesta, Frances, and García 2011; Shi, Liu, and Yang 2011), and cell death (Choi et al 2009). These ROS can react with cellular macromolecules through oxidation, inducing cells into necrosis and apoptosis (Loh et al 2006; Higgins, Beart, and Nagley 2012).…”

Paper-based potentiometric sensing devices modified with chemically reduced graphene oxide (CRGO) for trace level determination of pholcodine (opiate derivative drug)

“…Different analytical methods were reported for the determination of pholcodine including non-aqueous titration, 5 chemiluminescence, 4,6 UV/Vis spectrophotometry, 7 capillary gas chromatography (GC), 8,9 GC-mass spectrometry (MS), 10,11 high-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC), 12–16 ultra-performance liquid chromatography (UPLC)-MS/MS, 17 thin-layer chromatography, 18 capillary electrophoresis (CE), 19 electrochemistry 20 and 1HNMR-pH titration. 21…”

“…So, it appears to be devoid of addiction liability in man. 4 Different analytical methods were reported for the determination of pholcodine including non-aqueous titration, 5 chemiluminescence, 4,6 UV/Vis spectrophotometry, 7 capillary gas chromatography (GC), 8,9 GC-mass spectrometry (MS), 10,11 highperformance liquid chromatography (HPLC), [12][13][14][15][16] ultraperformance liquid chromatography (UPLC)-MS/MS, 17 thinlayer chromatography, 18 capillary electrophoresis (CE), 19 electrochemistry 20 and 1HNMR-pH titration. 21 The use of electrochemical sensors and especially potentiometric sensors has become greatly expanded and now occupies a large part in different applications such as pharmaceutical, environmental and biomedical analysis.…”

Involvement of P38 and ERK1/2 in mitochondrial pathways independent cell apoptosis in oviduct magnum epithelial cells of layers challenged with vanadium

“…The 2 types of apoptosis include an extrinsic pathway that involves transmembrane death receptor‐mediated interactions, such as the death receptor Fas and its ligand FasL, and an intrinsic pathway that involves mitochondrial dysfunction, which is mediated by phosphorylated mitogen‐activated protein kinases (MAPKs) to regulate the proportions of pro and antiapoptotic proteins, such as B‐cell lymphoma‐2 (Bcl‐2) and Bcl‐2 associated x protein (Bcl‐2/Bax). Higher pro‐apoptotic protein expression and lower anti‐apoptotic proteins expression can trigger changes in mitochondrial membrane potential ( △ψm ), resulting in the release of cytochrome C (CytC) into the cytosol, which then binds to the apoptotic protease activating factor‐1 (Apaf‐1), causing a cysteine aspartase (caspase) family cascade reaction, cleaving poly [Adenosine diphosphate ribose] polymerase 1 (PARP1) and finally leading to apoptosis …”

“…Higher pro-apoptotic protein expression and lower antiapoptotic proteins expression can trigger changes in mitochondrial membrane potential (5ψm), resulting in the release of cytochrome C (CytC) into the cytosol, which then binds to the apoptotic protease activating factor-1 (Apaf-1), causing a cysteine aspartase (caspase) family cascade reaction, cleaving poly [Adenosine diphosphate ribose] polymerase 1 (PARP1) and finally leading to apoptosis. [12][13][14] The MAPK family is a group of highly conserved, proline-directed serine/threonine kinases and includes three prominent members: P38MAPK (P38), extracellular signal-regulated kinases 1 and 2 (ERK1/2), and c-JUN NH 2 -terminal kinase (JNK). 15 These three proteins participate in regulating a large number of signaling pathways, including those involved in cell survival, apoptosis, adaptation, differentiation, and proliferation.…”