Vancomycin-induced gut dysbiosis duringPseudomonas aeruginosapulmonary infection in a mice model

Abstract

Pseudomonas aeruginosa is one of the most common opportunistic pathogens causing respiratory infections in hospitals. Vancomycin, the antimicrobial agent usually used to treat bacterial nosocomial infections, is associated with gut dysbiosis. As a lung-gut immunologic axis has been described, this study aimed to evaluate both the immunologic and histopathologic effects on the lungs and the large intestine resulting from vancomycin-induced gut dysbiosis in the P. aeruginosa pneumonia murine model. Metagenomic analysis demonstrated that vancomycin-induced gut dysbiosis resulted in higher Proteobacteria and lower Bacteroidetes populations in feces. Given that gut dysbiosis could augment the proinflammatory status of the intestines leading to a variety of acute inflammatory diseases, bone marrow-derived macrophages were stimulated with cecal content from dysbiotic mice showing a higher expression of proinflammatory cytokines and lower expression of IL-10. Dysbiotic mice showed higher levels of viable bacteria in the lungs and spleen when acutely infected with P. aeruginosa, with more lung and cecal damage and increased IL-10 expression in bronchoalveolar lavage. The susceptible and tissue damage phenotype was reversed when dysbiotic mice received fecal microbiota transplantation. In spite of higher recruitment of CD11b+ cells in the lungs, there was no higher CD80+ expression, DC+ cell amounts or proinflammatory cytokine expression. Taken together, our results indicate that the bacterial community found in vancomycin-induced dysbiosis dysregulates the gut inflammatory status, influencing the lung-gut immunologic axis to favor increased opportunistic infections, for example, by P. aeruginosa.

Impact of pre-transplant use of antibiotics on the graft-versus-host disease in adult patients with hematological malignancies

“…In this study, we showed the correlation between glycopeptide and inflammation of lung through the result that patients treated with glycopeptide had significantly increased extensive chronic GVHD of the lung. Some studies also have shown that vancomycininduced gut dysbiosis during Pseudomonas aeruginosa pulmonary infection influences the lung-gut immunologic axis [24]. However, this study did not reveal a specific mechanism, so further research is needed in the future for investigating the exact correlation between antibiotics and lung inflammation in patients underwent allogenic HSCT.…”

Traditional Chinese medicine against COVID-19: Role of the gut microbiota

“…With in-depth research on the disease, it has also not been uncommon to find gastrointestinal symptoms caused by SARS-CoV-2 infection in clinical practice [128] , especially in critically ill patients with poor prognoses [9] , [10] , [11] . Available evidence suggests that SARS-CoV-2 can directly damage the digestive system, disrupt the intestinal microecological balance, and cause associated clinical manifestations [11] , [129] , [130] . Gastrointestinal symptoms are present in approximately 2–79.1% of patients [9] , [49] , [131] , [132] , [133] , and these symptoms can appear early in the onset of the disease, even earlier than fever and respiratory symptoms [134] , [135] , [136] .…”

“…Wang et al [132] found that the proportion of COVID-19 patients with gastrointestinal symptoms as initial symptoms accounted for approximately 10.12%, and the patients only had diarrhoea symptoms at the onset of the disease, followed by fever, dyspnoea, and other symptoms. Currently, SARS-CoV-2 has been identified and isolated from the stool specimens of COVID-19 patients [139] , [140] , and disorders of the intestinal microecology have been detected in COVID-19 patients with gastrointestinal symptoms [130] . These findings suggest that SARS-CoV-2 might cause alterations in the gut microbiota along with pulmonary infection, which could be the main reason for the nausea, vomiting, diarrhoea, and other gastrointestinal symptoms in patients.…”

Gut-Lung Crosstalk in Sepsis-Induced Acute Lung Injury

“…In clinical cases, the most common source of sepsis is the lung ( Wang et al, 2013 ). Rosa et al (2020) found that Vancomycin treatment of acute Pseudomonas aeruginosa pneumonia in mice can induce intestinal dysbacteriosis, resulting in an increase in the number of Proteus, a decrease in the number of bacteroides, and inflammatory changes in the intestinal tract. After fecal microbiota transplantation, the susceptible phenotype and tissue injury phenotype were reversed in mice.…”