Vancomycin-Resistant Enterococci: A Review of Antimicrobial Resistance Mechanisms and Perspectives of Human and Animal Health

Ahmed, Mohamed O.; Baptiste, Keith E.

doi:10.1089/mdr.2017.0147

Cited by 327 publications

(292 citation statements)

References 236 publications

(291 reference statements)

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“…The major challenge to treatment and control of leading bacterial pathogens is the rapid emergence and global spread of multidrug-resistant clones that are refractory to last-resort antimicrobial therapy. 26 To address this problem, we have examined the substituted benzene guanidine compounds as a parent scaffold for developing a new antimicrobial class.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

In vitro Antibacterial Activity of Isopropoxy Benzene Guanidine Against Multidrug-Resistant Enterococci

Zhang¹,

Han²,

Pei³

et al. 2019

IDR

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

In vitro Antibacterial Activity of Isopropoxy Benzene Guanidine Against Multidrug-Resistant Enterococci

Zhang¹,

Han²,

Pei³

et al. 2019

IDR

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“…According to the CDC in the USA, approximately 5% of patients in hospitals in the USA carry MRSA in their nose or on their skin. Vancomycin is well known as the last line of defence against antibiotic‐resistant bacteria, and VRE‐related infections have caused a serious impact on human health as they were first reported in the 1980s . Enterococcus can cause a variety of clinical diseases, such as urinary tract infections, bacteraemia, endocarditis, and abdominal and pelvic infections…”

Section: The Status Of Clinical Microbiological Infectionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Applications of sequencing technology in clinical microbial infection

Jiang

Shi

et al. 2019

J Cellular Molecular Medi

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Infectious diseases are a type of disease caused by pathogenic microorganisms. Although the discovery of antibiotics changed the treatment of infectious diseases and reduced the mortality of bacterial infections, resistant bacterial strains have emerged. Anti‐infective therapy based on aetiological evidence is the gold standard for clinical treatment, but the time lag and low positive culture rate of traditional methods of pathogen diagnosis leads to relative difficulty in obtaining the evidence of pathogens. Compared with traditional methods of pathogenic diagnosis, next‐generation and third‐generation sequencing technologies have many advantages in the detection of pathogenic microorganisms. In this review, we mainly introduce recent progress in research on pathogenic diagnostic technology and the applications of sequencing technology in the diagnosis of pathogenic microorganisms. This review provides new insights into the application of sequencing technology in the clinical diagnosis of microorganisms.

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“…Avoparcin, an antibiotic also from the glycopeptide class, was widely used in livestock and poultry in Europe and linked to VRE isolates in animals. This drug was outlawed for use in animals in the European Union in 1997, although VRE isolates have persisted in some poultry populations after use ceased [30, 31]. Although Avoparcin was not known to be administered to the chickens in this study, it is sold in Uganda as a livestock supplement.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Gut carriage of antimicrobial resistance genes in women exposed to small-scale poultry farms in rural Uganda: a feasibility study

Weil

Debela

Muyanja

et al. 2020

Preprint

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BackgroundAntibiotic use as growth promoters for livestock is presumed to be a major contributor to the acquisition of antimicrobial resistance (AMR) genes in humans, yet data evaluating AMR patterns in the setting of animal exposure are limited to observational studies that do not capture data from prior to livestock introduction.MethodsWe performed a feasibility study by recruiting a subset of women in a delayed-start randomized controlled trial of small-scale chicken farming in order to examine the prevalence of clinically-relevant AMR genes. Stool samples were obtained at baseline and one year from five intervention women who received chickens at the start of the study, six control women who did not receive chickens until the end of the study, and from chickens provided to the control group at the end of the study. Stool was screened for 87 clinically significant AMR genes using a commercially available qPCR array (Qiagen).ResultsChickens harbored 23 AMR genes from classes also found in humans as well as vancomycin and additional β-lactamase resistance genes. After one year of exposure to chickens, six new AMR genes were detected in controls and seven new AMR genes were detected in the intervention group. Women who had direct contact with the chickens sampled in the study had greater similarities in AMR resistance gene patterns to chickens than those who did not have direct contact with chickens sampled (p = 0.006). There was a trend towards increased similarity in AMR gene patterns with chickens at one year (p = 0.12).ConclusionsChickens and humans in this study harbored AMR genes from many antimicrobial classes at both baseline and follow up timepoints. Studies designed to evaluate human AMR genes in the setting of animal exposure should account for high baseline AMR rates, and consider collecting concomitant animal samples, human samples, and environmental samples over time to determine the directionality and source of AMR genes.Trial registration: ClinicalTrials.gov Identifier: NCT02619227

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Vancomycin-Resistant Enterococci: A Review of Antimicrobial Resistance Mechanisms and Perspectives of Human and Animal Health

Cited by 327 publications

References 236 publications

<p>In vitro Antibacterial Activity of Isopropoxy Benzene Guanidine Against Multidrug-Resistant <em>Enterococci</em></p>

<p>In vitro Antibacterial Activity of Isopropoxy Benzene Guanidine Against Multidrug-Resistant <em>Enterococci</em></p>

Applications of sequencing technology in clinical microbial infection

Gut carriage of antimicrobial resistance genes in women exposed to small-scale poultry farms in rural Uganda: a feasibility study

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