‘Vaping and fidget-spinners’: A qualitative, longitudinal study of e-cigarettes in adolescence

Tokle, Rikke

doi:10.1016/j.drugpo.2020.102791

Cited by 16 publications

(23 citation statements)

References 26 publications

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“…Nicotine vaping was more common and was described as more attractive, compared to nicotine-free vaping, indicating that the unstable user patterns could be attributed to the absence of nicotine addiction. 11 …”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Adolescents’ Use of Nicotine-Free and Nicotine E-Cigarettes: A Longitudinal Study of Vaping Transitions and Vaper Characteristics

Tokle

Brunborg

Vedøy

2021

Nicotine &Amp; Tobacco Research

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Introduction Although adolescents’ nicotine addiction from e-cigarettes is a concern, few studies differentiate between vaping with and without nicotine. This study examines the prevalence of nicotine and nicotine-free vaping, maps transitions between vaping behaviours, and assesses differences in the personal characteristics of vapers in a sample of Norwegian adolescents. Methods Data came from a nationwide longitudinal study of adolescents (n=2,018) conducted in 2017 (T1), 2018 (T2) and 2019 (T3) (mean age: 14.2, 15.0 and 16.2). Using an online questionnaire, we measured vaping with and without nicotine, snus use, smoking, sensation-seeking, conduct problems and levels of depression. Results Past 12-month vaping prevalence was stable (12%, 13% and 15%). Among adolescents reporting vaping at T1, 69% had used e-cigarettes without nicotine, 17% with nicotine, and 15% were unsure of nicotine content. Individual vaping trajectories were unstable: of nicotine-free vapers, 54% became non-users, whilst 14% became nicotine vapers from T1-T2. From T2-T3, 50% became non-users, whilst 17% became nicotine vapers. Of nicotine vapers, 39% became non-users from T1-T2, whilst 46% became non-users from T2-T3. Compared to nicotine-free vapers, nicotine vapers had more conduct problems (mean=3.67 vs 2.17), had more symptoms of depression (mean=11.38 vs 6.95), and comprised more past-30-day snus users (33% vs 14%) and cigarette users (33% vs 9%). Conclusions Adolescent vapers most commonly used e-cigarettes without nicotine, few of these transitioned into nicotine vaping, and a majority became non-users. Nicotine vapers were more likely to use other tobacco products and have more conduct problems and symptoms of depression compared to nicotine-free vapers. Implications Reporting the prevalence of nicotine-free vaping is critical for assessing nicotine exposure and subsequent risks of nicotine addiction. This multi-cohort longitudinal study showed that use of nicotine-free e-cigarettes is common among young vapers in Norway. Adolescents’ vaping patterns – both with and without nicotine – are generally temporal and experimental. Despite the majority of nicotine vapers becoming non-users, they are characterised by having more conduct problems and poorer mental health, and they more often used other tobacco products.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Adolescents’ Use of Nicotine-Free and Nicotine E-Cigarettes: A Longitudinal Study of Vaping Transitions and Vaper Characteristics

Tokle

Brunborg

Vedøy

2021

Nicotine &Amp; Tobacco Research

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“…Furthermore, e-cigarettes have also contributed to additional changes in the nicotine and tobacco landscape, with the emergence of alternative e-cigarette user practices, whereby the intake of nicotine is not necessarily the main motivation [ 25 , 49 ]. Examples include the use of e-cigarettes to satisfy curiosity, to experience flavors, to conform to peer influences, to perform vape-tricks [ 50 ], or to administer cannabis [ 51 ].…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The majority of adolescents who report the use of e-cigarettes are also found to have experience with other tobacco products [ 1 , 7 , 12 , 15 , 23 ]. However, smoking cessation is only rarely mentioned among youth as a reason for using e-cigarettes, and flavors, curiosity, peer influence, and perceptions of e-cigarettes as “cool” and harmless have been reported as the top reasons for experimentation with them [ 15 , 24 , 25 , 26 ]. In addition, studies differentiating between using e-cigarettes with and without nicotine have shown that many adolescents report the use of nicotine-free e-cigarettes [ 12 , 23 ].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Single, Dual, and Triple Use of Cigarettes, e-Cigarettes, and Snus among Adolescents in the Nordic Countries

Raitasalo

Bye

Pisinger

et al. 2022

IJERPH

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New tobacco and nicotine products have emerged on the market in recent years. Most research has concerned only one product at a time, usually e-cigarettes, while little is known about the multiple use of tobacco and nicotine products among adolescents. We examined single, dual, and triple use of cigarettes, e-cigarettes, and snus among Nordic adolescents, using data of 15–16-year-olds (n = 16,125) from the European School Survey Project on Alcohol and other Drugs (ESPAD) collected in 2015 and 2019 from Denmark, Finland, Iceland, Norway, Sweden, and the Faroe Islands. Country-specific lifetime use of any of these products ranged between 40% and 50%, and current use between 17% and 31%. Cigarettes were the most common product in all countries except for Iceland, where e-cigarettes were remarkably more common. The proportion of dual and triple users was unexpectedly high among both experimental (24%–49%) and current users (31–42%). Triple use was less common than dual use. The users’ patterns varied somewhat between the countries, and Iceland differed substantially from the other countries, with a high proportion of single e-cigarette users. More knowledge on the patterns of multiple use of tobacco and nicotine products and on the potential risk and protective factors is needed for targeted intervention and prevention efforts.

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“…Ever-use measurement counts a substantial number of youth ENDS experimenters who do not go on to become regular users [51]. Similarly, among youth aged 13 to 17 in Norway in a four year longitudinal (2015-2019) qualitative study (50 semi-structured group and 175 individual interviews), it was often the case that as youth became older, ENDS use became viewed as a childish practice that they discarded [52].…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Critical appraisal of the European Union Scientific Committee on Health, Environmental and Emerging Risks (SCHEER) Preliminary Opinion on electronic cigarettes

O’Leary

Polosa

Volti

2020

Preprint

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BackgroundIn preparation for the 2021 revision of the European Union Tobacco Products Directive, the Scientific Committee on Health, Environmental and Emerging Risks (SCHEER) has posted its Preliminary Opinion on Electronic Cigarettes. They conclude that e-cigarettes only achieve a sub-optimal level of protection of human health. In this paper we provide evidence that Opinion’s conclusions are not adequately backed up by scientific evidence and totally disregard the potential health benefits of using alternative combustion-free nicotine containing products as substitute for tobacco cigarettes.MethodSearches for articles were conducted in PubMed and by citation chasing in Google Scholar. Articles were also retrieved with a review of references in major publications. Primary data from World Health Organization surveys, the conclusions of reviews, and peer-reviewed non-industry studies were cited to address errors and omissions identified in the Opinion.ResultsThe Opinion omitted reporting on the individual and population health benefits of the substitution of e-cigarettes (ENDS) for cigarette smoking. Alternative hypotheses to the gateway theory were not evaluated. Its assessment of cardiovascular risk is contradicted by numerous reviews. It exhibits biases in its statements from the measurements selected on the frequency of use. It did not report non-nicotine use. It misrepresented trends in ENDS prevalence. It over-emphasized the role of flavours in youth ENDS initiation. It did not discuss cessation in sufficient length.ConclusionsFor the delivery of a robust and comprehensive final report, the members of the Working Group of the Scientific Committee on Health, Environmental and Emerging Risks will need to consider (1) the potential health benefits of ENDS substitution for cigarette smoking, (2) alternative hypotheses and contradictory studies on the gateway effect, (3) its assessment of cardiovascular risk, (4) biases arising from the measurements of frequency of use, (5) non-nicotine use, (6) the role of flavours, and (7) a fulsome discussion of cessation.

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‘Vaping and fidget-spinners’: A qualitative, longitudinal study of e-cigarettes in adolescence

Cited by 16 publications

References 26 publications

Adolescents’ Use of Nicotine-Free and Nicotine E-Cigarettes: A Longitudinal Study of Vaping Transitions and Vaper Characteristics

Adolescents’ Use of Nicotine-Free and Nicotine E-Cigarettes: A Longitudinal Study of Vaping Transitions and Vaper Characteristics

Single, Dual, and Triple Use of Cigarettes, e-Cigarettes, and Snus among Adolescents in the Nordic Countries

Critical appraisal of the European Union Scientific Committee on Health, Environmental and Emerging Risks (SCHEER) Preliminary Opinion on electronic cigarettes

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