Vapor pressure of sea‐salt solutions

Arons, A. B.; Kientzler, C. F.

doi:10.1029/tr035i005p00722

Cited by 37 publications

(10 citation statements)

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“…Experimental measurements of seawater vapor pressure and boiling point have been carried out by many researchers [29,31,56,[79][80][81][82][83][84]. Correlations of seawater vapor pressure and boiling point elevation are listed in Table 7.…”

Section: Vapor Pressure and Boiling Point Elevationmentioning

confidence: 99%

Thermophysical properties of seawater: a review of existing correlations and data

Sharqawy

Lienhard

Zubair

2010

Desalination and Water Treatment

1,201

574

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Correlations and data for the thermophysical properties of seawater are reviewed.Properties examined include density, specific heat capacity, thermal conductivity, dynamic viscosity, surface tension, vapor pressure, boiling point elevation, latent heat of vaporization, specific enthalpy, specific entropy, and osmotic coefficient. These properties include those needed for design of thermal and membrane desalination processes. Results are presented in terms of regression equations as functions of temperature and salinity. The available correlations for each property are summarized with their range of validity and accuracy. Best-fitted new correlations are obtained from available data for density, dynamic viscosity, surface tension, boiling point elevation, specific enthalpy, specific entropy and osmotic coefficient after appropriate conversion of temperature and salinity scales to the most recent standards. In addition, a model for latent heat of vaporization is suggested. Comparisons are carried out among these correlations, and recommendations are provided for each property, particularly over the ranges of temperature and salinity common in thermal and/or reverse osmosis seawater desalination applications.

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Section: Vapor Pressure and Boiling Point Elevationmentioning

confidence: 99%

Thermophysical properties of seawater: a review of existing correlations and data

Sharqawy

Lienhard

Zubair

2010

Desalination and Water Treatment

1,201

574

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“…Kennish (2001, p. 62) provides a table with reference to Millero (1996), which probably means the same formula as given in Millero (1983) and Millero (2001). The earlier edition of the CRC Handbook of Marine Science (Walton Smith, 1974, p. 49) reported the vapour pressure lowering of seawater from Robinson (1954) and Arons and Kientzler (1954). The formula is pressure-independent.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 98%

“…Gill (1982) refers to empirical formulas of List (1951) and Kraus (1972) for the vapour pressure over water and seawater. Dietrich et al (1975, p. 68) provide a graph for the vapour pressure lowering based on measurements of Higashi et al (1931) and Arons and Kientzler (1954). No uncertainty estimates are given and the temperature and salinity scales are not specified.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Thermodynamic properties of sea air

et al. 2010

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Abstract. Very accurate thermodynamic potential functions are available for fluid water, ice, seawater and humid air covering wide ranges of temperature and pressure conditions. They permit the consistent computation of all equilibrium properties as, for example, required for coupled atmosphereocean models or the analysis of observational or experimental data. With the exception of humid air, these potential functions are already formulated as international standards released by the International Association for the Properties of Water and Steam (IAPWS), and have been adopted in 2009 for oceanography by IOC/UNESCO.In this paper, we derive a collection of formulas for important quantities expressed in terms of the thermodynamic potentials, valid for typical phase transitions and composite systems of humid air and water/ice/seawater. Particular attention is given to equilibria between seawater and humid air, referred to as "sea air" here. In a related initiative, these formulas will soon be implemented in a source-code library for easy practical use. The library is primarily aimed at oceanographic applications but will be relevant to air-sea interaction and meteorology as well.The formulas provided are valid for any consistent set of suitable thermodynamic potential functions. Here we adopt potential functions from previous publications in which they are constructed from theoretical laws and empirical data; they are briefly summarized in the appendix. The formulas make use of the full accuracy of these thermodynamic potentials, without additional approximations or empirical coefficients. They are expressed in the temperature scale ITS-90 and the 2008 Reference-Composition Salinity Scale.

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“…It was therefore necessary to know the vapor pressure of sea water at different stages of concentration. Values up to the crystallization point of sodium chloride are available in the literature (1,8), but data past this point, when the other constituents of sea salt begin to concentrate in the solution, are of special interest. Analyses by Dittmar (5) have shown that apart from variations in salinity, sea water from the major oceans of the world has a practically constant composition.…”

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confidence: 99%