Vaporization of In, Ga, Tl, Ge, Sn, Pb, Sb, Bi, Se, and Te from a graphite surface by atomic-absorption analysis

Atomization of lead in graphite furnace atomic absorption spectrometry

“…This study confirms the existence of PbO(g) during the initial stages of lead atom formation. The strong dependence of the relative amount of PbO(g) detected on the ashing program may help to account for the diversity of reaction mechanisms proposed for atomization of this element (2,4,(7)(8)(9)(10)(11). Greater control of this variable as well as the surface activity or age of the graphite substrate (27-29) and purity of the sheath gas will be required if meaningful comparisons of results from different researchers are to be made.…”

“…However, the major organic and inorganic species present in urine produce spectral and chemical interference. To overcome the interference, three different approaches have been used: (i) separation of the analyte from the bulk matrix, using either solvent extraction (7)(8)(9)(10)(11)(12) or electrodeposition (13); (ii) selective volatilization of the analyte or matrix (14,15); and (iii) matrix modification in which the atomization rate of the analyte is retarded sufficiently to resolve the atomic absorption signal of the analyte from the nonatomic absorption signal of the matrix (16)(17)(18)(19)(20).…”

Topology and vaporization characteristics of palladium, cobalt, manganese, indium, and aluminum on a graphite surface using electrothermal atomic absorption

“…Experiments were also conducted with tungsten-lined tubes that supported the above results. In an earlier study, Katskov et al (29) discovered an Ea of 56 kcal/mol at a lower temperature followed by 32 kcal/mol at a higher temperature. The first activation energy coincides with the AH" for In metal (55-58 kcal/mol (18,23)).…”