Vapour growth of bulk crystals by PVT and CVT

Chloride-Driven Chemical Vapor Transport Method for Crystal Growth of Transition Metal Dichalcogenides

“…In the CVT method, a volatile substance, in most cases iodine, is added to the mixture of the raw materials in order to transform the nonvolatile metal into some molecular species that permit its diffusion in the atmosphere. As soon as the partial pressure is high enough, the crystallization can occur in the cold part of the reaction ampule …”

“…As soon as the partial pressure is high enough, the crystallization can occur in the cold part of the reaction ampule. 23 As a matter of fact, iodine appears to be an excellent vapor transport vector only for some MX 2 compounds. Br has been successfully used as well, as a transport agent for growing TMsubstituted MoS 2 and MoSe 2 crystals (TM = Re, Nb), and found to promote the growth of large and thick crystals of different polytypes.…”

Experimental Study of Nonequilibrium Electrodeposition of Nanostructures on Copper and Nickel for Photochemical Fuel Cell Application

“…Nanotechnology typically consists of top-down and bottom-up processing technologies. Material deposition belongs to the bottom-up one, which can be achieved in different ways, including chemical vapor deposition (CVD) [1], molecular beam epitaxy (MBE) [2], closed space vapor transport technique [3], sonoelectrochemical method [4][5][6], chemical bath deposition, and electrodeposition. Electrodeposition offers advantages over competing technologies such as physical and chemical vapor deposition, in that it requires simpler instrumentation and the operating conditions are easy to control [7].…”

Vapor growth of typical II-VI wide-gap semiconductor crystals directly from the constituent elements

“…Generally, the growth habit of crystals is mainly determined by the internal structure of a given crystal, and affected by external conditions or growth parameters such as temperature level, supersaturation, temperature gradient, pressure etc. [13,14]. So, studying the growth habit of a ZnE crystal must start from its growth mechanism.…”