Variability and Virulence Analysis of Aspergillus niger Isolates Causing Collar Rot of Groundnut

Abstract

Background: Collar rot of groundnut (Arachis hypogaea L.) caused by Aspergillus niger is a significant constraint in groundnut cultivation and responsible for huge economic losses in India including Rajasthan. Methods: By surveying of eight major groundnut growing districts of Rajasthan, India, one representative Aspergillus niger isolate from each district was established (ANBK-01= Bikaner, ANCH-02= Churu, ANDA-03= Dausa, ANJP-04= Jaipur, ANJL-05= Jalore, ANJD-06= Jodhpur, ANNG-07= Nagaur and ANSK-08= Sikar) for studying variability in the pathogen as well as to know the response of groundnut varieties to the highly virulent isolate. The colony and spore characteristics were observed for cultural and morphological variability. For resistance response to the disease, ten varieties (M-13, RG-633-9, RG-382, Girnar-2, RG-604, RG-578, Gajraj 10, RG-510, RG-632-1 and RG-644) were evaluated in the field for two consecutive years against a highly virulent Aspergillus niger (ANJP-04) isolate. Result: Our investigations cleared that all the isolates were showed cultural and morphological variability such as shape, colour and size of colony and size of conidia, conidiophores and columella. Isolate (ANJP-04) collected from Khejroli village of Chomu tehsil in Jaipur district showed maximum mycelial growth, conidia diameter, length and diameter of conidiophores and length and diameter of columella, early sporulation and found most virulent as it produced higher disease incidence (54.43%). Ten released varieties of groundnut in the field conditions, revealed that none of the variety was found completely free from the disease whereas RG-644, M-13 and RG-510 were found resistant while RG-604, Girnar-2, Gajraj-10 and RG-632-1 were found moderately resistant and rest were found susceptible to highly susceptible to the disease. Conclusively, it can be finalized that famers may cultivate these resistant varieties in areas where collar rot is a severe constraint. The conclusion of this study can also be utilized to screen varieties/genotypes of groundnut against highly virulent isolate for sustainability of breeding material to the disease effectively.

Biosynthesis Nanoparticles And Molecular Study To Detect Bacterial Isolated From Patients With Diabetic Foot Ulcers In Babylon Province

“…ZnO NPs were obtained in the form of white powder as showed in Figure (2), A. niger was shown to be a stabilizer capable of producing spherical ZnO nanoparticles, after drying and weighing take, then, its properties were studied using UV , XRD, SEM, FTIR. The results of the current study agree with many studies [19].…”

Identification and characterization of Aspergillus niger causing collar rot of groundnut (Arachis hypogaea)

“…Fungal isolates were identified based on comparison of morphological characteristics (hyphae, conidiophore, conidia, and vesicle) of fungi with descriptions available in the literature (Samson et al 2014;Xu et al 2015;Abdelghany et al 2017;Bajaya et al 2022).…”

“…Groundnut (Arachis hypogaea L.) is an annual legume grown in more than 80 countries in tropical, subtropical and warm temperate regions (Desmae et al 2021;Bajaya et al 2022). Groundnut seeds contain many nutrients, such as protein, carbohydrates, calcium, and mineral as a source of food for humans, raw materials for industry, and animal feed (Arya et al 2016;Janila et al 2016;Desmae et al 2021).…”

“…Among these, groundnut collar rot disease is one of the most serious, destructive diseases causing great yield losses in the many countries such as Ethiopia, Chine, India and Vietnam (Mohammed and Chala 2014;Le et al 2018a;Lora and Begum 2019;Nathawat et al 2021). Aspergillus niger van Tieghem is a soil-borne pathogen associated with black collar rot disease of groundnut (Rohtas et al 2016;Dighule et al 2018;Bajaya et al 2022). The fungus causes rotting in seed, seedling and mature plants, and thereby drastically reduces plant growth (Kumar et al 2020).…”