Variability in Atlantic water temperature and transport at the entrance to the Arctic Ocean, 1997–2010

Beszczynska-Möller, Agnieszka; Fahrbach, Eberhard; Schauer, Ursula; Hansen, Edmond

doi:10.1093/icesjms/fss056

Cited by 458 publications

(602 citation statements)

References 37 publications

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“…Although the incubation temperatures were higher than in situ, we argue that our experimental set-up nonetheless reflects a realistic scenario for the current, and certainly the future Arctic Ocean. The incubation temperatures at the final sampling (6.3°C) were within the range of naturally occurring temperatures in Arctic outflow shelf regions (Beszczynska-Möller et al 2012;Straneo and Heimbach 2013). Furthermore, such temperatures can be expected to become more common in the future (AMAP 2013;Pörtner et al 2014).…”

Section: Assemblages Did Not Respond To Ocean Acidificationmentioning

confidence: 84%

Resistance of Arctic phytoplankton to ocean acidification and enhanced irradiance

et al. 2017

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The Arctic Ocean is a region particularly prone to ongoing ocean acidification (OA) and climate-driven changes. The influence of these changes on Arctic phytoplankton assemblages, however, remains poorly understood. In order to understand how OA and enhanced irradiances (e.g., resulting from sea-ice retreat) will alter the species composition, primary production, and ecophysiology of Arctic phytoplankton, we conducted an incubation experiment with an assemblage from Baffin Bay (71°N, 68°W) under different carbonate chemistry and irradiance regimes. Seawater was collected from just below the deep Chl a maximum, and the resident phytoplankton were exposed to 380 and 1000 latm pCO 2 at both 15 and 35% incident irradiance. On-deck incubations, in which temperatures were 6°C above in situ conditions, were monitored for phytoplankton growth, biomass stoichiometry, net primary production, photo-physiology, and taxonomic composition. During the 8-day experiment, taxonomic diversity decreased and the diatom Chaetoceros socialis became increasingly dominant irrespective of light or CO 2 levels. We found no statistically significant effects from either higher CO 2 or light on physiological properties of phytoplankton during the experiment. We did, however, observe an initial 2-day stress response in all treatments, and slight photo-physiological responses to higher CO 2 and light during the first five days of the incubation. Our results thus indicate high resistance of Arctic phytoplankton to OA and enhanced irradiance levels, challenging the commonly predicted stimulatory effects of enhanced CO 2 and light availability for primary production.

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Section: Assemblages Did Not Respond To Ocean Acidificationmentioning

confidence: 84%

Resistance of Arctic phytoplankton to ocean acidification and enhanced irradiance

et al. 2017

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“…In this context, it is interesting to note that the dominance of one specific water mass during each season may change in the future due to a changing climate. However, to date no significant change in the water volume of Atlantic water supplying the West Spitsbergen Current has been observed (Beszczynska-Møller et al, 2012).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Comparison between summertime and wintertime Arctic Ocean primary marine aerosol properties

et al. 2013

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Primary marine aerosols (PMAs) are an important source of cloud condensation nuclei, and one of the key elements of the remote marine radiative budget. Changes occurring in the rapidly warming Arctic, most importantly the decreasing sea ice extent, will alter PMA production and hence the Arctic climate through a set of feedback processes. In light of this, laboratory experiments with Arctic Ocean water during both Arctic winter and summer were conducted and focused on PMA emissions as a function of season and water properties. Total particle number concentrations and particle number size distributions were used to characterize the PMA population. A comprehensive data set from the Arctic summer and winter showed a decrease in PMA concentrations for the covered water temperature (T_w) range between −1°C and 15°C. A sharp decrease in PMA emissions for a T_w increase from −1°C to 4°C was followed by a lower rate of change in PMA emissions for T_w up to about 6°C. Near constant number concentrations for water temperatures between 6°C to 10°C and higher were recorded. Even though the total particle number concentration changes for overlapping T_w ranges were consistent between the summer and winter measurements, the distribution of particle number concentrations among the different sizes varied between the seasons. Median particle number concentrations for a dry diameter (D_p< 0.125μm measured during winter conditions were similar (deviation of up to 3%), or lower (up to 70%) than the ones measured during summer conditions (for the same water temperature range). For D_p > 0.125μm, the particle number concentrations during winter were mostly higher than in summer (up to 50%). The normalized particle number size distribution as a function of water temperature was examined for both winter and summer measurements. An increase in T_w from −1°C to 10°C during winter measurements showed a decrease in the peak of relative particle number concentration at about a D_p of 0.180μm, while an increase was observed for particles with D_p > 1μm. Summer measurements exhibited a relative shift to smaller particle sizes for an increase of T_w in the range 7–11°C. The differences in the shape of the number size distributions between winter and summer may be caused by different production of organic material in water, different local processes modifying the water masses within the fjord (for example sea ice production in winter and increased glacial meltwater inflow during summer) and different origin of the dominant sea water mass. Further research is needed regarding the contribution of these factors to the PMA production

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“…14). Warm anomalies have been found in Atlantic water on the way to the Arctic Ocean, with the West Spitsbergen Current carrying the warm, saline Atlantic water north above the shelf slope west of Svalbard (Beszczynska-Möller et al 2012), being a potential regional source for higher atmospheric humidity due to increased evaporation.…”

Section: Upper-air Trend Estimatesmentioning

confidence: 99%

Arctic warming, moisture increase and circulation changes observed in the Ny-Ålesund homogenized radiosonde record

Maturilli

Kayser

2016

Theor Appl Climatol

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Radiosonde measurements obtained at the Arctic site Ny-Ålesund (78.9°N, 11.9°E), Svalbard, from 1993 to 2014 have been homogenized accounting for instrumentation discontinuities by correcting known errors in the manufacturer provided profiles. The resulting homogenized radiosonde record is provided as supplementary material at http://doi. pangaea.de/10.1594/PANGAEA.845373. From the homogenized data record, the first Ny-Ålesund upper-air climatology of wind, temperature and humidity is presented, forming the background for the analysis of changes during the 22-year period. Particularly during the winter season, a strong increase in atmospheric temperature and humidity is observed, with a significant warming of the free troposphere in January and February up to 3 K per decade. This winter warming is even more pronounced in the boundary layer below 1 km, presumably amplified by mesoscale processes including e.g. orographic effects or the boundary layer capping inversion. Though the largest contribution to the increasing atmospheric water vapour column in winter originates from the lowermost 2 km, no increase in the contribution by specific humidity inversions is detected. Instead, we find an increase in the humidity content of the large-scale background humidity profiles. At the same time, the tropospheric flow in winter is found to occur less frequent from northerly directions and to the same amount more frequent from the South. We conclude that changes in the atmospheric circulation lead to an enhanced advection of warm and moist air from lower latitudes to the Svalbard region in the winter season, causing the warming and moistening of the atmospheric column above Ny-Ålesund, and link the observations to changes in the Arctic Oscillation.

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Variability in Atlantic water temperature and transport at the entrance to the Arctic Ocean, 1997–2010

Cited by 458 publications

References 37 publications

Resistance of Arctic phytoplankton to ocean acidification and enhanced irradiance

Resistance of Arctic phytoplankton to ocean acidification and enhanced irradiance

Comparison between summertime and wintertime Arctic Ocean primary marine aerosol properties

Arctic warming, moisture increase and circulation changes observed in the Ny-Ålesund homogenized radiosonde record

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