Variability in nestling diet of European hoopoes: annual and sampling effect

Nuhlíčková, Soňa; Krištín, Anton; Degma, Peter; Hoi, Herbert

doi:10.25225/fozo.v65.i3.a3.2016

Cited by 14 publications

(16 citation statements)

References 36 publications

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“…The method of the study of food composition and feeding frequency by means of camera recordings makes it possible to determine, relatively accurately and objectively, the frequency of prey being delivered in the exact time sequence (Nuhlíčková et al 2016). From the results it follows that the Italian locusts played an important role as a food source in the studied period, and even had positive impact on the breeding success.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 68%

Foraging opportunism and feeding frequency in the red-footed falcon (Falco vespertinus) in Slovakia: case study from 2017

Chavko

Krištín

2017

Slovak Raptor Journal

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Foraging opportunism and feeding frequency are less studied parameters of behaviour in insectivorous falcons, many of which are endangered bird species. In this short study, prey composition and feeding frequency of red-footed falcon (Falco vespertinus) nestlings were studied using the method of camera recordings during seven days in July 2017 in southwestern Slovakia. Camera recording analyses of 2–3 chicks (14–26 days old) in three nests revealed a significant preference for insects (97%, n = 305 prey items), of which the Italian locust (Calliptamus italicus) was highly predominant (54%). We also found very high average chick feeding frequency (9.9 feedings per hour, n = 29 hours 22 min of regular observations), whereby the females fed their young ones more frequently (64.9%, n = 305 feedings) than the males (35.1%). Analyses of food composition in adverse weather conditions showed that unfavourable weather had a negative effect on chick feeding frequency, and in rainy weather the males fed significantly less than the females.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 68%

Foraging opportunism and feeding frequency in the red-footed falcon (Falco vespertinus) in Slovakia: case study from 2017

Chavko

Krištín

2017

Slovak Raptor Journal

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“…PCI has been induced in other arthropods by dropping [28] or squeezing [19]. Antlion larvae wriggle vigorously when picked up by forceps but lie motionless after being dropped on the substrate [31], reinforcing the evidence that their main predators are ground-feeding birds [33].…”

Section: (B) Post-contact Immobility Inducementmentioning

confidence: 86%

“…Antlion larvae are sit-and-wait predators that build pit traps in sandy soil [31] and typically many pits occur in close proximity (electronic supplementary material, figure S1a). The larvae, in turn, could be predated themselves by vertebrates such as ground-feeding birds [32] and evidence shows they are part of the hoopoe's diet [33]. Such predators might use the pit as a pointer to the antlion's location and target the bottom of the pit where the larva hides in the substrate with, at most, its mandibles visible on the surface.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Post-contact immobility and half-lives that save lives

2020

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A wide variety of animals become completely immobile after initial contact with a potential predator. This behaviour is considered to be a last-ditch escape strategy. Here, we test the hypothesis that such immobility should have an extremely unpredictable duration. We find that it spans more than three orders of magnitude in antlion larvae. We also analyse the second period of immobility that follows the first bout of immobility, and consider the distributions of both first and second immobility periods within the context of the intermittence that characterizes the movement of most organisms. Both immobility durations were fitted best by exponential distributions. Therefore, both were characterized by high variability and hence, unpredictability. The immobility half-life, its mean duration and standard deviation were greater for the first than the second immobility. Furthermore, individual consistency was weak or absent in repeated measures of the first immobility and between the first and second immobilities. Our quantitative approach can be replicated across taxa and would help link an understanding of immobility after an initial predator contact in both vertebrates and invertebrates. To facilitate this, we contend that the terminology should be simplified, and we advocate the use of the term post-contact immobility (PCI).

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“…A number of vertebrates and invertebrates, including birds, are known to be predators of antlions [9,10]. Hence, in this paper, we will assume that the dominant predator of antlions is an insectivorous bird.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Hide-and-seek strategies and post-contact immobility

2021

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To understand why an animal might gain by playing dead, or more precisely, exhibit post-contact immobility (PCI), we consider the context in which this behaviour occurs. Is it, for example, a method by which a potential victim encourages a predator to direct its attention elsewhere? We investigate this possibility by using the marginal value theorem to analyse predator behaviour in the context of this defence strategy by potential prey. We consider two models. In the first, (random revisiting) the predator may return to sites it has already depleted within the patch. In the second, (systematic search) the predator goes only to new sites within the patch. The results of the two models are qualitatively extremely similar. We show that when prey occur in patches, PCI favours prey survival. Indeed, certain antlion larvae have PCI durations characterized by very long half-lives. These appear to be of such long durations that further increases would convey no substantial benefits in redirecting potential predators to other antlions within the patch and subsequently to other patches.

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Variability in nestling diet of European hoopoes: annual and sampling effect

Cited by 14 publications

References 36 publications

Foraging opportunism and feeding frequency in the red-footed falcon (Falco vespertinus) in Slovakia: case study from 2017

Foraging opportunism and feeding frequency in the red-footed falcon (Falco vespertinus) in Slovakia: case study from 2017

Post-contact immobility and half-lives that save lives

Hide-and-seek strategies and post-contact immobility

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