Variability in the characteristics of pocks produced on the chick chorioallantois by white pock mutants of cowpox and other poxviruses

Baxby, Derrick

doi:10.1017/s0022172400042091

Cited by 17 publications

(12 citation statements)

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“…Rabbits inoculated with rabbitpox or neurovaccinia viruses showed deep and widespread induration with less haemorrhage and necrosis compared to that produced by red cowpox virus strains. Thus, the prominent haemorrhagic and necrotic reaction in the rabbit skin was related to the red pock character of cowpox virus clones as reported by Baxby (1969) but not to the ability to induce type A inclusions.…”

supporting

confidence: 54%

Isolation of Cowpox Virus Clones Deficient in Production of Type A Inclusions: Relationship to the Production of Diffusible LS Antigen

Amano

Tagaya

1981

Journal of General Virology

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SUMMARYCowpox virus clones (A-clones) deficient in production of type A inclusions were isolated from two cowpox strains, Amsterdam and 53. These clones did not differ from their parents in major markers such as pock morphology in chorioallantoic membranes and pathogenicity in the rabbit skin. However, the LS antigens induced by A-clones developed precipitin lines in agar gel diffusion tests, while the antigens from their parents failed to precipitate. Immunofluorescence and agar gel diffusion tests revealed that antigens detectable by antisera against purified type A inclusions and LS antigens were closely related to each other. These findings suggest that the Aclones might be variants of cowpox virus which have lost the ability to assemble LS antigens into type A inclusions.Some poxviruses induce two kinds of cytoplasmic inclusions, which are known as type A and type B inclusion bodies (Kato et aL, 1959(Kato et aL, , 1963 Kato & Kamahora, 1962). The type B inclusion is the site of virus replication and is seen in cells infected with the members in the genus orthopoxvirus (Kato et aL, 1959; Kato & Kamahora, 1962). This type of inclusion appears at an early stage in the replication cycle and stains basophilically with haematoxylin-eosin (HE) or Giemsa. Among orthopoxviruses, cowpox and ectromelia viruses induce eosinophilic type A inclusions which are also known as Downie (Downie, 1939) and Marchal (Marchal, 1930) bodies respectively, and appear late in the replication cycle in almost 100% of infected cells (Kato & Kamahora, 1962). The role of type A inclusions in poxvirus replication is not yet clear, but their presence is considered as one of the markers which differentiate cowpox and ectromelia viruses from other orthopoxvirus species. Even though Kamahora et aL (1958) reported that a vaccinia virus strain also induces type A inclusions in infected cells, and we also observed type A inclusions in cells infected with many other strains of vaccinia, variola, monkeypox and rabbitpox viruses (unpublished data), the frequency was so low (<0.1%) that the significance of the type A inclusion as a biological marker for differentiation of cowpox and ectromelia viruses from other orthopoxvirus species has not been decreased.In the course of our studies on cowpox virus, we isolated virus clones deficient in production of type A inclusions (A-clones). This report describes the properties of such clones and the inverse relationship between production of type A inclusions and diffusibility of LS antigens in agar.The Amsterdam strain was obtained from Dr S. Kato, Institute for Microbial Diseases, Osaka University, Osaka, Japan and Dr R. Gispen, Rijks Instituut voor de Volksgesondheid, Bilthoven, The Netherlands. The strains 50, 51, 53, 58, 60, 61 and 71-14033 were gifts from Dr R. Gispen. Brighton (LB) strain and its white pock variant were made available to us by Dr A. W. Downie, Liverpool University, Liverpool, U.K. The viruses were propagated in chorioallantoic membranes (CAM) of 12-day-old eggs and used within two ...

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confidence: 54%

Isolation of Cowpox Virus Clones Deficient in Production of Type A Inclusions: Relationship to the Production of Diffusible LS Antigen

Amano

Tagaya

1981

Journal of General Virology

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“…1). Cloning experiments showed t h a t this was not due to mixed populations, but due to the phenomenon of " m i m i c r y " recently described for strains of cowpox, rabbitpox, monkeypox, and vaccinia viruses b y BAXBY (2). There were no differences in the types of pocks produced b y the four isolates.…”

Section: P O C K P R O D U C T I O Nmentioning

confidence: 72%

Characteristics of a new poxvirus isolated from indian buffaloes

Baxby

Hill

1971

Archiv f Virusforschung

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SummaryThe diagnostic characteristics of four poxviruses isolated from infected Indian buffaloes have been determined. Three isolates were all very similar, differing in only minor properties. They were serologically indistinguishable from vaccinia virus and had the same ceiling temperature as it, and we regard them as slightly different strains of vaccinia virus. The fourth isolate could be clearly differentiated from the other three, and also from existing members of the vaccinia-variola subgroup, and it is suggested that it be called buffalopox virus.

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“…Die Flaumfedern der lateralen Seite des rechten Beines wurden ausgezupft und anschliei3end in die Hautflache mittels einer Pipettenspitze 0,05 ml des Impfmaterials intensiv eingerieben. (1,3,7,9,15,17,20,28,30). Sieht man von den nicht immer auftretenden zentralen Nekrosen bei den V-Stammen, den nicht regelmai3igen hamorrhagischen Tendenzen und gewissen durchschnittlichen Groi3enschwankungen bei den V-, KP-, BP-und EP-Stammen ab, dann liei3en sich anhand der Herdmorphologie auf der CAM nur AP und CP von den anderen Arten spontan unterscheiden.…”

Section: Versuchstiere Und Infektionstechnikunclassified

“…Die als charakteristisch beschriebenen hamorrhagischen Herdlasionen bei KPund BP -Stammen (1, 3, 15, 16, 20, 21, 39) erlauben lediglich einlen Verdacht, denn sie treten nicht regelmai3ig auf und sind auch bei V-Stammen je nach Passagen-Vorgeschichte zu beobachten (12). Letztere kann man nur im Federfollikelversuch am Huhn ( (1,11,15,16,18,39). Der sonst typisch reagierende Stamm AP-3 liei3 sich in HEF-Kulturen nur schwer und ohne cpE vermehren.…”

Section: Verhalten Am Kaninchenunclassified

Labordifferenzierung der Orthopockenviren

Mahnel¹

2010

Zentralblatt Für Veterinärmedizin Reihe B

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Zusammenfassung Anhand experimenteller Untersuchungen mit 18 Stämmen von ORTHOPOXVIVUS (Vaccinia‐, Kuhpocken‐, Büffelpocken, Elefantenpocken‐, Affenpocken‐ und Kamelpockenvirus) wird ein relativ einfaches Schema für die Labordifferenzierung dieser bei Haus‐ und Zootieren vorkommenden, eng verwandten Viren aufgezeigt. Als Differenzierungskriterien dienten das Verhalten im Brutei, die Plaquebildung in Zellkulturen, der Intrakutantest am Kaninchen und der Federfollikelversuch am Huhn. Die Problematik und die Erfahrungen bei der Labordifferenzierung der Orthopockenviren werden diskutiert. Summary Laboratory differentiation of orthopox viruses On the basis of experimental studies with 18 strains of orthopox viruses (vaccinia, cowpox, buffalo pox, elephant pox, monkey pox and camel pox viruses) a relatively simple scheme for the laboratory differentiation of these closely related viruses in domestic and zoo animals is put forward. The criteria for differentiation are the behaviour in the embryonated egg, plaque formation in cell culture, the intracutaneous test in the rabbit and the feather follicle test in the fowl. The problems encountered and the results of laboratory differentiation are discussed. Résumé Différenciation en laboratoire des Orthopoxvirus A l'aide de recherches expérimentales avec 18 souches d'Orthopoxvirus (Vaccine, variole de la vache, du buffle, de l'éléphant du singe et du chameau), on présente un schéma relativement simple pour la différenciation en laboratoire de ces virus étroitement apparentés qui se rencontrent chez les animaux domestiques et dans les parcs zoologiques. Les critères de différenciation sont les suivants: comportement dans l'oeuf en incubation, l'image des plaques dans les cultures cellulaires, le test intracutané chez le lapin et l'épreuve du follicule plumeux chez la poule. On discute la problématique et les expériences lors de la différenciation en laboratoire des Orthopoxvirus. Resumen Diferenciación en el laboratorio de los virus ortovariólicos A base de estudios experimentales con 18 estirpes de ORTHOPOXVIRUS (virus Vaccinia, de la viruela vacuna, de los búfalos, elefantes, monos y camellos), se presenta un esquema simple relativamente para diferenciar en laboratorio estos virus que se hallan en animales domésticos y de parques zoológicos y que tienen parentesco estrecho. Como criterios de diferenciación se utilizaron el comportamiento en el huevo embrionado, la formación de plaqués en cultivos celulares, la prueba intracutánea y el ensayo de folículos de plumas en gallinas. Se discuten los problemas y las experiencias acopiadas en la diferenciación de los virus ortovariólicos.

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Variability in the characteristics of pocks produced on the chick chorioallantois by white pock mutants of cowpox and other poxviruses

Cited by 17 publications

References 14 publications

Isolation of Cowpox Virus Clones Deficient in Production of Type A Inclusions: Relationship to the Production of Diffusible LS Antigen

Isolation of Cowpox Virus Clones Deficient in Production of Type A Inclusions: Relationship to the Production of Diffusible LS Antigen

Characteristics of a new poxvirus isolated from indian buffaloes

Labordifferenzierung der Orthopockenviren

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