Variable pathlength cells for precise hypersonic spectrometry of liquids up to 5 GHz

CHAPTER 12. Ultrasonics 1: Speed of Ultrasound, Isentropic Compressibility and Related Properties of Liquids

“…Another method for measuring the speed of sound and sound attenuation in liquids between 300 MHz and 5 GHz is due to Kaatze et al 50 One cell, using surface excitation of small rod-shaped piezoelectric lithium niobate crystals, allows for broad-band measurements up to about 3 GHz. The other cell utilises thickness vibrations of thin ZnO films.…”

Molecular Interactions in Poly(ethylene glycol)–Water Mixtures at Various Temperatures: Density and Isentropic Compressibility Study

“…[21,22] At frequencies between 3 MHz and 2 GHz absolute a measurements have been performed by transmitting pulse-modulated waves at varying sample thicknesses. [23][24][25] Altogether, seven different cells have been used, each one matched to a special frequency range. From the overlaps of the frequency ranges of different cells and different methods and from repeated measurements the following errors have been estimated for the attenuation coefficient: Da/a = 0.1, n < 12 MHz; Da/a = 0.03, 12 MHz n 150 MHz; Da/a = 0.01, 150 MHz n < 500 MHz; Da/a = 0.04, n !…”

Struktureigenschaften und molekulare Dynamik flüssiger Ethylenglykol-Oligomere und ihrer Mischungen mit Wasser

“…Für die PZT-Zelle dient eine 1 µm dicke ZnO-Schicht als Wandlermaterial, die im Anschluss an eine 0.1 µm dicke Gold-/Chromschicht auf eine Saphir-Verzögerungsleitung gesputtert wurde [44]. Im Gegensatz zu den unterhalb von 500 MHz verwendeten Dickenschwingern aus dünnen Einkristallen hat man das System ZnO-Gold-Saphir insgesamt als Resonanzsystem zu betrachten, das durch die verschiedenen Materialien und deren Kopplung die breite Grundresonanz der ZnO-Schicht (bei ca.…”