Variable structure model predictive controller based gain scheduling for frequency regulation in renewable based power system

Abstract

This paper presents a load frequency control (LFC) design using the variable structure model predictive controller (VSMPC) for gain scheduling (GS) of PI controller in PV connected thermal for multi-area system. Due to the increasing impact of renewable energy sources into the grid system, the system frequency deteriorates. The proposed PV connected thermal system is evaluated under varying load conditions under increased penetration of the PV source.The combination of renewable energy into the thermal power system aggravates the frequency and it is indispensable to mitigate such a problem by introducing an optimal controller. Perturbation in load greatly affects the system frequency and this problem is addressed by using VSMPC based gain scheduling knowing the effect of proportional and integral in transient and steadystate conditions. The oscillations in frequency are controlled by a proposed controller and the impact of frequency under penetration of PV is monitored.Further verification of the proposed technique is accomplished through communication delay in the governor and turbine. The Hardware in the loop (HIL) which validates the accuracy and real time performance of the controller. Finally, the validation of the proposed controller is compared with MPC to tune PI controller and renowned evolutionary tuned techniques like particle swarm optimization (PSO), genetic algorithm (GA) and firefly algorithm (FA) to optimize PI controller. The VSMPC with GS of PI controller shows promising results.

Frequency stabilization for interconnected renewable based power system using cascaded model predictive controller with fractional order PID controller

“…The decentralized variable structure MPC technique is applied to optimize the PI controller on the basis of error, keeping the best performance of the proportional and integral controllers in transient and steady-state regions. Hence, this technique helps in overcoming the fluctuations in frequency due to variations in load or any uncertainty in the power system [30]. A cascaded fractional MPC controller design has been proposed to counter the frequency oscillations under rapid changes in load [31].…”

“…The turbine determines the active power generated. The thermal power plant has a generating capacity of 2000 MW at 50 Hz [30]. The governor-power relationship is described in Equation ( 4).…”

Cascaded Fractional Model Predictive Controller for Load Frequency Control in Multiarea Hybrid Renewable Energy System with Uncertainties

“…In addition, multiverse optimizer-tuned MPC was proposed with six RES-based plants in [34]. Likewise, variable structure gain scheduling model predictive controller (GSMPC-PI) was introduced to cope up the LFC problem under renewable-based power system in [35]. The adaptive design for MPC was also proposed in [36], for multiarea power system.…”

Load frequency regulation of interconnected muli-source multi-area power system with penetration of electric vehicles aggregator model

“…The PI plus MPC based two area system with PV and thermal is reported in [29], where the findings are encouraged by the addition of PI controller which exterminates steady state error. The idea of scheduling the derivative gains for an interrelated power network using MPC-based PI gain is also introduced in [30][31][32]. Additionally [30][31][32] introduces the concept of scheduling the derivative gains for an integrated power system utilizing MPC-based PI gain scheduling a self-tuning fuzzy control algorithm, and a lightning search-based variable structure design.…”