Variable structure robust controller design for blood glucose regulation for type 1 diabetic patients: A backstepping approach

Homayounzade, Mohamadreza

doi:10.1049/syb2.12032

Cited by 7 publications

(15 citation statements)

References 36 publications

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“…[ 11 ] and the variable structure controller proposed in Ref. [ 21 ] are simulated for the T1DM patients in the presence of meal disturbance modelled by Equations ( (2a) , (2b) , (2c) , (2d) )–( (2a) , (2b) , (2c) , (2d) ). In this scenario, the system parameters are considered to be certain and selected for all three controllers according to Table 1 , and the control gains and initial conditions of plasma glucose–insulin are selected similar to Ref.…”

Section: Simulation Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…[ 11 ] and the variable structure controller proposed in Ref. [ 21 ]. The comparisons confirm that the PID controller response has some steady‐state error and has a very large settling time.…”

Section: Simulation Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…As shown in Figure 5 , the value of the controller presented in Ref. [ 21 ] for some time intervals is equal to zero. Since the controller produces negative values in these segments and the insulin injection can only be positive, the controller cannot control the system during these intervals.…”

Section: Simulation Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…In Ref. [ 21 ], the BS approach is employed to design an exponentially stable variable structure robust controller for T1DM.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“… Unlike Ref. [ 21 ], the control structure is not variable. Hence, the chattering phenomena is prevented.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Positive input observer‐based controller design for blood glucose regulation for type 1 diabetic patients: A backstepping approach

Homayounzade

2022

IET Systems Biology

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In practice, there are many physical systems that can have only positive inputs, such as physiological systems. Most conventional control methods cannot ensure that the main system input is positive. A positive input observer-based controller is designed for an intravenous glucose tolerance test model of type 1 diabetes mellitus (T1DM). The backstepping (BS) approach is employed to design the feedback controller for artificial pancreas (AP) systems, based on the Extended Bergman's Minimal Model (EBMM). The EBMM represents the T1DM in terms of the blood glucose concentration (BGC), insulin concentration, and plasma level and the disturbance of insulin during medication due to either meal intake or burning sugar by doing some physical exercise. The insulin concentration and plasma level are estimated using observers, and these estimations are applied as feedback to the controller. The asymptotic stability of the observer-based controller is proved using the Lyapunov theorem. Moreover, it is proved that the system is bounded input-bounded output (BIBO) stable in the presence of uncertainties generated by uncertain parameters and external disturbance. For realistic situations, we consider only the BGC to be available for measurement and additionally inter-and intrapatient variability of system parameters is considered.

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Section: Simulation Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Simulation Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Simulation Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…In Ref. [ 21 ], the BS approach is employed to design an exponentially stable variable structure robust controller for T1DM.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“… Unlike Ref. [ 21 ], the control structure is not variable. Hence, the chattering phenomena is prevented.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Positive input observer‐based controller design for blood glucose regulation for type 1 diabetic patients: A backstepping approach

Homayounzade

2022

IET Systems Biology

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Observer‐based controller design for blood glucose regulation for type 1 diabetic patients with disturbance estimation: A backstepping approach

Homayounzade

2024

Asian Journal of Control

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In this paper, an observer‐based nonlinear controller is proposed to regulate blood glucose concentration (BGC) in type 1 diabetes mellitus (T1DM). The considered virtual patient model is the extended Bergmann minimal model, which is augmented by a meal disturbance and adapted to represent the insulin–glucose homeostasis of T1DM. The backstepping (BS) technique is used to design a closed‐loop feedback controller. The proposed controller does not need to measure insulin, plasma concentrations, and external disturbances while improving control performance and robustness against uncertainty. Insulin concentrations and plasma levels are estimated using state observers and disturbance using a disturbance estimator. These estimations are used as feedback to the controller. The asymptotic stability of the observer‐based controller is proved using the Lyapunov theorem. Furthermore, it is proven that the system is bounded input–bounded output (BIBO) stable in the presence of uncertainties caused by uncertain parameters and external disturbances. For real situations, we consider only the BGC available for measurement, and in addition, inter‐ and intra‐patient variability of system parameters is considered. The results confirm that the proposed controller can asymptotically regulate BGC through appropriate injection of insulin under meal disturbance and of variations in system parameters.

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Automated blood glucose regulation for nonlinear model of type-1 diabetic patient under uncertainties: GWOCS type-2 fuzzy approach

Elhoushy,

Zalam,

Sayed

et al. 2023

Biomed. Eng. Lett.

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Regulating blood glucose level (BGL) for type-1 diabetic patient (T1DP) accurately is very important issue, an uncontrolled BGL outside the standard safe range between 70 and 180 mg/dl results in dire consequences for health and can significantly increase the chance of death. So the purpose of this study is to design an optimized controller that infuses appropriate amounts of exogenous insulin into the blood stream of T1DP proportional to the amount of obtained glucose from food. The nonlinear extended Bergman minimal model is used to present glucose-insulin physiological system, an interval type-2 fuzzy logic controller (IT2FLC) is utilized to infuse the proper amount of exogenous insulin. Superiority of IT2FLC in minimizing the effect of uncertainties in the system depends primarily on the best choice of footprint of uncertainty (FOU) of IT2FLC. So a comparison includes four different optimization methods for tuning FOU including hybrid grey wolf optimizer-cuckoo search (GWOCS) and fuzzy logic controller (FLC) method is constructed to select the best controller approach. The effectiveness of the proposed controller was evaluated under six different scenarios of T1DP using Matlab/Simulink platform. A 24-h scenario close to real for 100 virtual T1DPs subjected to parametric uncertainty, uncertain meal disturbance and random initial condition showed that IT2FLC accurately regulate BGL for all T1DPs within the standard safe range. The results indicated that IT2FLC using GWOCS can prevent side effect of treatment with blood-sugar-lowering medication. Also stability analysis for the system indicated that the system operates within the stability region of nonlinear system.

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Variable structure robust controller design for blood glucose regulation for type 1 diabetic patients: A backstepping approach

Cited by 7 publications

References 36 publications

Positive input observer‐based controller design for blood glucose regulation for type 1 diabetic patients: A backstepping approach

Positive input observer‐based controller design for blood glucose regulation for type 1 diabetic patients: A backstepping approach

Observer‐based controller design for blood glucose regulation for type 1 diabetic patients with disturbance estimation: A backstepping approach

Automated blood glucose regulation for nonlinear model of type-1 diabetic patient under uncertainties: GWOCS type-2 fuzzy approach

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