Variação Ecomorfológica em Populações de Astyanax aff. paranae Eigenmann, 1914, na Bacia do Alto Rio Paraná

Abstract

Astyanax paranae Eigenmann, 1914 é um pequeno caracídeo conhecido como lambari-do-rabo-vermelho, ocorrendo em vários rios das sub-bacias do alto rio Paraná. Tendo em vista que as características ambientais como disponibilidade de recursos, diversidade de habitats entre outras podem selecionar atributos específicos possibilitando diferenciações morfológicas, testamos a hipótese de que ambientes diferentes podem influenciar características ecomorfológicas distintas entre as populações. Analisamos a ecomorfologia de Astyanax aff. paranae oriundos de três córregos localizados no município de Apucarana pertencentes a diferentes bacias hidrográficas: córregos Jurema (bacia do rio Pirapó), Biguaçú (bacia do rio Ivaí) e Japira (bacia do rio Tibagi). Para testar as diferenças foram utilizados 15 exemplares de A. aff. paranae de cada população, sendo tomadas 26 medidas morfométricas e calculadas seis áreas, de maneira que foram calculados 22 índices ecomorfológicos. Para evidenciar diferenças ecomorfológicas entre os espécimes foram realizados Análises de Variáveis Canônicas (AVC) e um teste "post hoc" de comparações pareadas de Hotelling. Na análise de comparações pareadas entre as populações de A. aff. paranae nos córregos amostrados, o córrego Japira apresentou diferenças estatísticas significantes em relação ao córrego Biguaçú. As diferenças ecomorfológicas entre as populações do córrego Biguaçu e as dos córregos Jurema e Japira podem estar relacionadas com as características biogeográficas de cada bacia. Além disso, as particularidades de cada ambiente, como as interações bióticas e abióticas provida pela qualidade ambiental nos córregos Jurema e Japira podem ser influências, mesmo que de maneira discreta, frente às peculiaridades ecológicas de cada organismo. Palavras-chave: córregos, rio Ivaí, rio Paranapanema, isolamento geográfico, qualidade ambiental. ABSTRATC: Astyanax paranae Eigenmann, 1914 is a small characid known as lambari-do-rabo-vermelho that occurs in several rivers of Upper Paraná River Basin. Considering that environmental characteristics as resource availability, habitat diversity and many others may select specific attributes enabling morphological differentiation, we tested the hypothesis that different environments may influence distinct ecomorphological characteristics between populations. We analyzed Astyanax aff. paranae belonging to three streams from different basins in the Apucarana city: Jurema (Pirapo river basin), Biguaçu (Ivai river basin) and Japira (Tibagi river basin) streams. To test the ecomorphological difference we used 15 individuals of A. aff paranae of each population, to take 26 morphometric measures and calculate six areas, obtaining 22 ecomorphological rates. We used Canonical Variate Analysis (CVA) and a paired Hotelling's test to evidence ecomorphological differences between the specimens. Japira stream's population of A. aff. paranae presented statistical difference when compared with Biguaçu stream by the analysis of paired comparisons. The ecomorphological diferences be...

Hidden diversity and evolutionary diversification in Phalloceros harpagos Lucinda (Cyprinodontiformes: Poeciliidae)

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“…Furthermore, there are some differences in body proportions, such as the depth of the body and caudal peduncle, as well as in the size of the gonopodial hook (Lucinda, 2008). Ecomorphological differences (Leitão et al, 2018), morphological variation (Lucinda, 2008), broad geographic distributions, and occurrences in isolated river basins, along with biogeographic patterns of restricted/endemic distribution in Phalloceros , support the hypothesis of polyphyletic and a cryptic P. harpagos species complex (Thomaz et al, 2019).…”

Does the influence of anthropic impacts reflect on the predator-prey relationship?

“…However, despite the common static definition for predator species, this fact can be explained by the ecomorphological capacity of predator species, which when subjected to environmental pressures (e.g. resource availability) can occupy other regions of the water column during the search for food resources, mainly, due to their active foraging characteristics (SOUZA; TOZZO, 2013;SOUZA et al, 2015;CANO et al, 2020).…”

Ecomorphology of yellowtail lambari (Characiformes: Characidae) in the neotropical semi-arid region, Brazil

“…Sampling was carried out in March 2020, using cast nets (2.5 m; 20 mm mesh), hand nets (40 cm; 5 mm mesh) and trawl net (10 × 2.5; 5 mm mesh), in accordance with the authorization of Biodiversity Authorization and Information System nº 24709-3 and the Ethics Committee on Animal Use of Universidade Federal Rural de Pernambuco (License nº 023/2019). In each location, 40 specimens were captured, 20 males and 20 females, thus avoiding sexual variations in body shape (Cano et al, 2020;Oliveira et al, 2010;Prado et al, 2016). Subsequently, the specimens were placed in a lethal solution of eugenol (Lucena et al, 2013), then fixed in 4% formalin solution and transported to the Laboratory of Ecology and Systematics of Fishes, of the Universidade Federal Rural de Pernambuco, Academic Unit of Serra Talhada.…”

“…Twenty-five morphometric measurements were performed, listed in Table 1. All measurements were taken with the aid of a 0.01-mm precision digital pachymeter, related to the trunk, fins, head, and mouth, according to the studies of Cano et al (2020), Gatz (1979), andOliveira et al (2010), and were chosen because they were related to habitat use. From the set of linear measurements, 16 ecomorphological attributes related to the environment were calculated and can be visualized in Table 2.…”